'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎130] (183/905)

130 GEORGIAN PROVINCES, MOUNTAINS. [CHAP. VII.
1803, there was added the Khanat of Gandja (Elizabeth-
pol). 1
At the close of the Persian war in 1813, the Khanats of
Sheki, Shirvan, Karabagh, Talish, Baku and Derbend were
also annexed to the Russian empire. 2 Again, by the treaty
of Turkman-chai, Persia ceded the territory northward of the
river Aras; and, finally, by that of Adrianople, in 1829,
Russia obtained the pashalik of Akhltskha'i, with the castles
and some districts hitherto retained contrary to the stipula
tions made at Akerman in 1826.
The districts thus acquired at the northern extremity of
Fran now form the separate government of Georgia, or Grusia,
as the principal province is called by the Russians. The
country has nearly the figure of a lozenge, or, more properly,
a rhomboid; it lies chiefly southward of the Caucasus, between
the Black and Caspian Seas, having around it the territories
of Persia and Asiatic Turkey. Its greatest length, from
Astara 3 to the banks of the Terek, or Kuma, 4 is about 280
geographical miles; and its width, from the coast of Abasia 5
to the southern side of the peninsula of Apsheron, 6 is 417
geographical miles ; and it has a superficies of 56,007 square
miles. 7
The Caucasus. It is intersected by numerous offsets from the Caucasian
range, which forms the natural line of separation between
Europe and Asia. This stupendous chain presents, along
the Black Sea, a succession of lofty peaks, which rise to the
height of 12,000 or 13,000 feet; 8 and, with the exception of
three difficult passes, it forms an unbroken barrier, consisting
1 Apercju, &c., Tome I., p. 216, &c. 2 Ibid.
8 In 38° 23' N. latitude, the extreme southern limits as fixed by the Treaty
of Turkman-chai", April 2, 1828. 4 In 43° SO 7 N. latitude.
8 At the mouth of the river Enguria, in about 41° 35' N. latitude, as ceded
by the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829. 6 In 50° 40' E. longitude.
7 680 versts by 420 versts, and 169,854 square versts. Tome II., p. 18, &c.,
Aperqu des Possessions Russes au-dela du Caucase, sous le Rapport statistique,
ethnographique, topographique et financier. St. Petersbourg, 1836. 4 Tomes
en 8°, avec une carte.—MS. traduit par M. le Capitaine Stoltzman.
8 Voyage autour du Caucase, &c., par Frederic Dubois de Mont Pereux.
Paris, 1839. Tome I., p. 54.
Provinces
added.
Extent of
Georgia.