'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎45] (90/905)

CHAP. Ill,] THE RIVER BECOMES NAVIGABLE.
45
45 miles, among the recesses of these mountains, bounded by The Euphrates
lofty precipices, and constantly interrupted by rocks, as well
as small rapids, it finally forces a passage through the Taurus;
leaving to the right, or north, the higher part of this chain.
Until lately it had been supposed that this portion of the
river was not in any way navigable ; but, during the cam
paign of 1839, it was the uniform practice of Hafiz Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
to embark his stores on rafts, and float them down at least to
Sumeisat ; 1 from whence the stream continues navigable, 2
without any serious interruption, for a distance of 1195J
miles to the sea.
After clearing the difficulties just alluded to, the windings Flows near
continue to be short and abrupt, between low, steep hills; Sumeisa t-
and the river takes the general direction of W. S.W. as it
passes near the eastern side of the ruined walls of Sumeisat,
having received on each side, in the previous part of its
course, several inferior tributaries. The distance thus far,
by the windings along the western branch, is about 450
miles, whilst that by the larger branch, or Murad, is about
586 miles. 3
Ferry at Sume'isat.
1 MS. of Mr. Ainsworth's Journey from Angora to Bir.
2 Puis a Samosate ou il commence a devenir navigable jusqu'a Baghdad.
Edrisi, p. 137, tome VI., Recueil de Voyages et de Memoires, publics par la
Societe de Geographic. Paris, 1840.
3 These calculations are founded upon observations made during my explora
tory Journey to the Upper Euphrates, as well as upon those of Mr. Brant and
others subsequently.