'The Seven Independent Arabian States [Yemen, ‘Asir, Hijaz, Najd, Kuwait, Jabal Shammar and al-Jawf]' [‎219r] (437/680)

31
... 1 he Amir Feisal bm Turki, on obtaining a pardon from the
Egyptians and returmng to Nejd in 1842, was at once acclaimed as Tmam
He also renewed the old treaty with the British Government."
Neid bv sendin^OTie of 0s ' ,0 "' e( ' how close were their relations with
J U} sending one ot their officers, Colonel Lewis Pelly, to Riyadh and l.p
1 document. treat,eS and friendshil) ' tho ^ h 1104 b V - actual written
... Since the evacuation of Qasim by the Turks in 1900 there have
been no signs of Turkjsh authority in Nejd and Abdul Aziz has so con
solulated his power that his word is law over the whole of Nejd from witUn
two days march of Hail to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. coast line exciting only the
actual towns of Hofu Kat.f and where the Turks maintained garrisons and
as far south as the Wadi A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows. Dowasir. ... He asserts tint he tLi j
professions [at the time of an expedition against him in 1910 by the Sherif of
Mecca] of being the vassal of the Sultan, and being a Wahabi does not a mb
he Sultan s Khabfate in Islam. . . . The As Sand . . . above all desired
to be m relations with the British Government so that the Turkish Govern
ment would hesitate to oppress them or to interfere in their affairs in Neid
The new regime in Constantinople had already shown their aggressive policy
and he feared that before very many years there would be another aUemm
to subjugate Nejd Though the Wahabis had formerly fought us in record
to he coastal Chiefs affairs, they saw the benefit of our rule amongst them
and had no wish to alter the present position, though Abdul Aziz mentioned
having received a letter from Dibai, whose Sheikhs had written, after the
Hyacmth gun-running incident, asking to be taken under his protection
Gn enquiring how he reconci ed the regular receipt of a Turkish annul y
wi h the claim to absolute independence, Abdul Aziz said that the annuity
dated from the time of his fathers incarceration in Bagdad, was given
a S /""p l' 3 m S expenses, and has continued ever since as personal to
bdul Rahman ; it amounts to only £T.60 per mensem. The As Sand have
never received anything else from the Turks in the way of subsidies and
on His fathers death Abdul Aziz proposes to allow his subsidy to lapse.' All
e correspondence they had bad with the Turkish officials has been of a
diplomatic nature, either to effect the removal of troops on the pretext of
a show of submission, or to settle any other difficulties as they arose."
iho i? 3 .' ■ rhe n q ffi eStl0n ':i' P ollc y. was a « ain considered between the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. and
oieign Uffice on the receipt of Captain Shakespear's report. It was agreed
meTof' Indin 14 T m preferable f ho]d to ^ existin S policy unless the Govern:
again considered P ro P ose a departure from it, when the question could be
British Negotiations with Turkey, 1911-1913.
wite'tt^rU 91 ' ^ 1913 H , M - Governmen t were engaged in negotiations
Mth the lurkish Government on the various matters in dispute between them in
he lersmn Gull area, which culminated in the Anglo-Turkish Conventions of July
ylo (paragraph 165) and March 1911 (paragraph i79).
Further meeting between Captain Shakespear and Ibn Saud, May 1913.
ra.iff'.i /? 1 '. Captain Shakespear, then Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Koweit Bre - to G - oi
eported that he had met Ibn Saud in the course of a recent tour, in the Koweit h
Ibn Smid ha 8 ? H S S e f- r r da y s 1 with him - In th e course of the visit p. 2448/18.
had , dlscuss .ed his future policy with great frankness with Captain
subST^ I f-T'T m c ' os e P ers o nal relations with him. Captain Shakespear
bearing, adetail ® d re P ort of h ls discussions, from which the following extracts,
Deanng on the matters now under discussion, are relevant;
in P 56 ; F a ' I1 ? n S f u(: l' accor ding to Captain Shakespear, stated that " his power
'.J lafjla had increased till he no longer feared any of its Sheikhs or
the Sharif was ' moreov e r . in alliance with all of them, excepting only one, viz. : Capt.
tee Sharif ox Mecca, who, fearing a second Wahabi invasion of the Heiaz had Shakespear
what thev^ad hlmself the Jurks. The As Saud were prepared 3 to hold
Arabia Tnd fpir 00 '' 6 ^ ^ V aSt ^ years of tlleir ancient dominion in fs s.W '
Arabia, and felt capable of being able to do so comparatively easily but for the
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