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'The Seven Independent Arabian States [Yemen, ‘Asir, Hijaz, Najd, Kuwait, Jabal Shammar and al-Jawf]' [‎181r] (361/680)

The record is made up of 1 file (10 folios). It was created in May 1935. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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that the reversion of Bahrein to Persian authority wouJd
tend <c more to the tranquillity of the Arabian side of the
Oriilf than almost any other act."
21. I he Resident's action was immediately disavowed
and disapproved by the Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions. , in letters
from the Governor to the Prince Regent of Fars (which
stated that it is not the intention of this Government to
take any part in the claims of the several Powers and States
of the I ej sian Gulf further than may be necessary to prevent
lenewal of piracy. . . . There can be nothing in
t e nag [granted to the Tjttabis] to give offence to Persia,
as there is not the smallest connection between it and
the Bntish flag, nor the smallest pretension to supenoritv
on the part of the British Governmentthe Imam of
Muscat, and the Sheikh of Bahrein, and as a mark of dis
approbation he was removed froqi his appointment. With
regard to the clause of the agreement affecting Bahrein the
Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions. remarked : 44 It acknowledges the
King of Persia s title to Bahrein, of which there is not the BomW to
least proof, and which the British Government cannot assert Capt Bruce
without injuring the pretensions of the Imam [of Muscat] and 1491 of'
the Uttabis. . . On the Persian side, the Shah not only l ll- 1 ^,
refused to cippiove tlie 9-rraii^enieiits wliicli held been made,
but expressed his displeasure that the Prince of Shiraz Teh. Desp.
should have entered into any engagement with the British No - 1'
Government without his knowledge and injunctions. The
agreement was thus repudiated by both sides.
1822—29. Bahrein—Muscat Disputes.
22. By 1822, if not earlier, the Sheikhs of Bahrein had Lor. I, 851.
ceased to observe the engagement undertaken by them in Govr. to
ooi) to pay an annual tribute to Muscat. In August 1822 Imam,
an attack by Muscat on Bahrein seeming in consequence 19«8.1822.
imminent, the Governor of Bombay, in letters to the Sheikh
and to the Imam of Muscat, suggested that if this tribute 19.8.1822
was oi ancient origin it should be regularly paid, but that Precis, 307.
otherwise it should be dropped. In January 1823 the Lor. 1,850.
optical Resident (Lieut. McLeod) visited Bahrein to Resdt. to
reassure the Sheikhs in regard to the unratified treaty Govt - of
concluded by Captain Bruce with the Prince Governor A Prince of the Royal line who also acted as Governor of a large Iranian province during the Qājār period (1794-1925). of S 0m o ay '
uhiiaz, and to inform them that that treaty was of no effect 27 2 1823
and that no change of policy was contemplated by Govern- w't «*>
ment. In the spring of 1823, on rumours of a contemplated G ovt ' of
joint attack on Bahrein by Persia, Muscat and the Arabs of Bombay to
the mainland, the Minister at Tehran was asked at a suitable Teil -»
juncture to dissuade the Persians from disturbing the N0,
tranquillity of the Gulf. g 26.3.1823.
23. In February 1824 the Resident composed for a period
ot two years the acute internal disputes between members of
tending house which were for many years a feature of the Lor. I 851.
history of Bahrein. In 1825 the Governor of Bombay
personally remonstrated with the Imam of Muscat on an
endeavour by the latter to interfere in the question of the
Bahrein success 1011 consequent on the death in that year of
bheikh Salman, who had ruled the Sheikhdom since 1796 (in Lor I iii x
association m his later years with his brother Abdulla). Table 9. ' '
Eeassertion of Persian Claim, 1825.
24. In 1825 an intimation was made by the Political
Resident to the Prince Governor A Prince of the Royal line who also acted as Governor of a large Iranian province during the Qājār period (1794-1925). of Fars, who had been
meditating an expedition to subdue Bahrein, and whose
Minister had requested the Resident to give directions to
the Sheikh to strike the flag which the British Government
had authorised the Uttabis of Bahrein to fly. u He was
informed that no control was assumed over the people of

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Content

This confidential memorandum, printed by the Foreign Office in May 1935 is a report by William John Childs concerning the seven independent Arabian states or autonomous areas. The report contains an introduction that states that the 'purpose of the paper is to give a brief outline each of the seven independent Arabian states', listed on folio 316, 'at the time of the Arab rising against the Turks in June 1916'.

The report is divided into sections covering each state as follows:

  • 'The Imamate of Yemen ruled by Imam Yahya [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn]' (folio 316);
  • 'The Principate of Asir ruled by the Idrisi [Sayyid Muḥammad bin ‘Alī al-Idrīsi]' (folios 316-317);
  • 'The Emirate of Mecca (or the Hejaz) ruled by Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], Emir and Sherif of Mecca' (folios 317-319);
  • 'Emirate of Nejd [Najd] ruled by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], Emir of Riyadh' (folios 319-323);
  • 'The Sheikhdom of Koweit [Kuwait] ruled by the Sheikh of Koweit [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ]' (folio 323v);
  • 'The Emirate of Jebel Shammar [Jabal Shammar] (or Hail [Ḥā’il]) ruled by the Emir of Hail [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Rashīd]' (folios 323-324)
  • 'Jauf-el-Amir [Jawf al-Amīr, under the rule of Nūrī bin Sha‘lān]' (folio 324v).

A footnote on folio 316 records: 'This memorandum was prepared by the late Mr. William John Childs and found among his papers. A few modifications and additions have been made to bring it up to date'.

Extent and format
1 file (10 folios)
Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 315, and terminates at folio 325, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, a re circles, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 4-327; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.

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English in Latin script
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'The Seven Independent Arabian States [Yemen, ‘Asir, Hijaz, Najd, Kuwait, Jabal Shammar and al-Jawf]' [‎181r] (361/680), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B446, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023898367.0x0000a3> [accessed 26 February 2025]

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