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'Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917' [369] (373/542)
The record is made up of 1 volume (271 folios). It was created in 1917. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
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HYGIENE AND DISEASE
cycles of life, one in man, the other in a very minute crustacean,
a ' fresh-water flea' {Gyclops), which is found in wells and water-
holes. If this minute creature gets into the drinking-water, the
embryo worms are set free in the stomach, and one or more of them
may finally make its way to the surface of the body, just under the
skin. Here the female worm may grow many inches long, so that
it looks like a piece of string under the skin. It pierces the skin
at one point, and discharges its young into water (when the skin
is bathed in water),—hoping, as it were, that the water may contain
Cyclops, which will give the young worms a start in life !
Thus, the only risk is in the drinking of unboiled or unstrained
water, with a live Cyclops in it, containing the live young of the
worm. There are well-devised ways of dealing with the adult
worm under the skin.
Leprosy, a very slowly-progressive disease, gradually affecting
the skin and the fibrous tissues, or the nerves, and finally leading
to severe disfigurement. The actual germs of leprosy were dis
covered by Hansen, in 1874. They have some resemblance to the
germs of tubercle ; and there are points of resemblance between
the two diseases. It is not fully known how the disease is acquired ;
but there is some evidence that it may be conveyed by bugs. The
old fear of lepers was exaggerated ; a man may live and work
among them for years, and take no harm.
Malaria. The cause of malaria is a protozoal organism, which
was discovered, in 1880, in the blood of a malarial patient by
Laveran, a French army surgeon. In 1894, Manson, after his
discovery that the mosquito is the intermediate host of filarial
disease, advanced a similar theory of malaria—that the mosquito
is its intermediate host between man and man. In 1898, Ross,
after three years' work, proved the truth of this theory. During
1899-1901, ' malaria expeditions from our own country and from
Germany, were incessantly going out to the tropics ; Italy also was
hard at work. Crucial experiments were made by men on them
selves, in India, Italy, New York, and London. Two of these
many experiments may be recalled here :—
(1) In 1900, a wooden hut was set up in the Roman Campagna,
in a water-logged jungly bit of the district, intensely malarial,
a place ' where the permanent inhabitants all suffer from malarial
disease, and where the farm-labourers, who come from healthy
parts of Italy to reap the harvest, after a short time all contract
fever'. The hut was made mosquito-proof with netting and fine
wire screens. In this mosquito-proof hut. Dr. Low, Dr. Sambon,
and others lived for about three months—all through the ' malaria
ARABIA H ao
About this item
- Content
This volume is A Handbook of Arabia, Volume II, Routes (Admiralty War Staff, Intelligence Department: May, 1917) and contains details on routes in the Arabian Peninsula, as well as information on transport and lines of communication arranged on a geographical basis. Chapters concerning meteorological information, hygiene and disease, and vocabularies have also been incorporated. The volume was prepared on behalf of the Admiralty and the War Office. The sources from which the routes have been compiled, together with notes on directions and distance, appear at the head of each chapter, while some sections have been compiled on the basis of native information. Authorities cited include: George August Wallin, William Gifford Palgrave, Carlo Claudio Camillo Guarmani, Lady Anne Blunt, Charles Huber, Julius Euting, Gerard Leachman, Gertrude Bell, Anders Christian Barclay Raunkiær, William Henry Irvine Shakespear, and John Gordon Lorimer.
The volume includes a note on confidentiality, title page, and a 'Note' on the compilation of the volume. There is a page of 'Contents' that includes the following sections:
- Chapter 1: Methods of Transport;
- Chapter 2: Communications, A. Northern Routes, B. Eastern Routes, C. Central Routes, D. Western Routes, E. South-Western Routes, F. Southern Routes, G. Souther-Eastern Routes;
- Chapter 3: Routes, A. Northern Routes, B. Eastern Routes, C. Central Routes, D. Western Routes, E. South-Western Routes, F. Southern Routes, G. Souther-Eastern Routes;
- Chapter 4: Meteorological Observations;
- Chapter 5: Hygiene and Disease;
- Chapter 6: Vocabularies;
- Appendix: Note on the System of Transliteration and Glossary of Topographical and Common Terms;
- Index;
- Plates.
There is also a 'List of Maps' and a 'Note on the Spelling of Proper Terms'.
There is one map contained in this volume: 'Map 5. Key Map of Routes'. In addition, there are nine plates by Douglas Carruthers, Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, Captain Gerard Leachman, and Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Barrett Miles.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (271 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged in chapters. There is a contents page, list of maps, alphabetical index, and list of plates.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the map which is inserted at the back of the volume, on number 271.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917' [369] (373/542), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/E84/2, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023896535.0x0000af> [accessed 18 December 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/E84/2
- Title
- 'Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917'
- Pages
- front, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1:534, ii-r:ii-v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence