!['Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917' [‎361] (365/542)](https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x000299/IOR_L_PS_20_E84_2_0372.jp2/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg "'Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917' [‎361] (365/542)")
'Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917' [361] (365/542)
The record is made up of 1 volume (271 folios). It was created in 1917. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
%
%!■:
llicltu;
fiuifs;
^iliit
ISEiSB
uaojiii!;:
Jiiwi;
11 stir
ffwi;
ifilllfc
vebi
idoffe
ijfcufc
ifcetJE
kiijffi:
ectolfe
opeiii:
dk
i, M
e caiti:
ramiilj-
ill:
fast-:
Diset".
ttelnte;-
ctive fe
foloi®
ctivei®
ffiiek'
HYGIENE AND DISEASE 361
and brewing their distinctive poisons in it. He discovered how to
isolate the germs of this or that disease, and how to grow them in
' pure culture outside the living body, miles away from a patient,
all by themselves, in sterilized broth or on sterilized jelly, in a
flask or a test-tube. From this discovery came the whole series of
discoveries, how to bring down, point by point, the virulence of
a pure culture, and how to render man, or animals, immune against
this or that disease, by treating them with graduated doses of
germs at low virulence, or of dead germs, or of the distinctive
poisons brewed by germs.
For example : sheep and cattle are protected against anthrax by
graduated doses of anthrax-germs at low virulence. Man is pro
tected against typhoid by graduated doses of dead typhoid-germs.
These protective substances go by the name of vaccines, because
of their analogy with ordinary vaccination against small-pox.
Antitoxins differ from vaccines, since animals are used in the
preparation of antitoxins. For example ; diphtheria. If a horse
be treated with graduated doses of the poison brewed by diph
theria-germs in pure culture, the horse becomes in time immune
against diphtheria. Its blood, fighting the poison, the ' toxin
manufactures the ' antitoxin ', the natural antidote to the toxin.
If the serum, the clear part of the blood of this horse, be adminis
tered to a child with diphtheria, it will reinforce the antitoxin
which the child's own blood is manufacturing, and in this way
will help the child to pull through. It can also be used, not only
to cure a child already attacked by diphtheria, but to immunize
a child that has been exposed to diphtheria.
As it is with diphtheria-antitoxin, so it is with tetanus-antitoxin.
The germs of tetanus (lockjaw) live in the surface-soil: in dust,
gravel, earth, and especially in soil heavily manured. If a horse
be gradually immunized against tetanus, its blood is able to im
munize a man, or another horse, against the disease. In places
where the surface-soil is badly infected with tetanus, a man re
ceiving a wound, with particles of mud or earth in it, ought cer
tainly to be thus protected as soon as possible after the injury.
The method is used also to protect valuable horses, either after
a wound or before some operation of veterinary surgery.
These two discoveries of a protective and curative serum for
diphtheria and tetanus have saved thousands of lives. Vaccina
tion against the Enterica bacilli has also proved of great value.
Pasteur's work, also, inspired Lister (1827-1912) to study the
true causes of wound-infection, and to discover the antiseptic
treatment of wounds. Lister's first use of carbolic acid, to
About this item
- Content
This volume is A Handbook of Arabia, Volume II, Routes (Admiralty War Staff, Intelligence Department: May, 1917) and contains details on routes in the Arabian Peninsula, as well as information on transport and lines of communication arranged on a geographical basis. Chapters concerning meteorological information, hygiene and disease, and vocabularies have also been incorporated. The volume was prepared on behalf of the Admiralty and the War Office. The sources from which the routes have been compiled, together with notes on directions and distance, appear at the head of each chapter, while some sections have been compiled on the basis of native information. Authorities cited include: George August Wallin, William Gifford Palgrave, Carlo Claudio Camillo Guarmani, Lady Anne Blunt, Charles Huber, Julius Euting, Gerard Leachman, Gertrude Bell, Anders Christian Barclay Raunkiær, William Henry Irvine Shakespear, and John Gordon Lorimer.
The volume includes a note on confidentiality, title page, and a 'Note' on the compilation of the volume. There is a page of 'Contents' that includes the following sections:
- Chapter 1: Methods of Transport;
- Chapter 2: Communications, A. Northern Routes, B. Eastern Routes, C. Central Routes, D. Western Routes, E. South-Western Routes, F. Southern Routes, G. Souther-Eastern Routes;
- Chapter 3: Routes, A. Northern Routes, B. Eastern Routes, C. Central Routes, D. Western Routes, E. South-Western Routes, F. Southern Routes, G. Souther-Eastern Routes;
- Chapter 4: Meteorological Observations;
- Chapter 5: Hygiene and Disease;
- Chapter 6: Vocabularies;
- Appendix: Note on the System of Transliteration and Glossary of Topographical and Common Terms;
- Index;
- Plates.
There is also a 'List of Maps' and a 'Note on the Spelling of Proper Terms'.
There is one map contained in this volume: 'Map 5. Key Map of Routes'. In addition, there are nine plates by Douglas Carruthers, Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, Captain Gerard Leachman, and Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Barrett Miles.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (271 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged in chapters. There is a contents page, list of maps, alphabetical index, and list of plates.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the map which is inserted at the back of the volume, on number 271.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
Use and share this item
- Share this item
'Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917' [361] (365/542), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/E84/2, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023896535.0x0000a7> [accessed 9 March 2025]
https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023896535.0x0000a7
Copy and paste the code below into your web page where you would like to embed the image.
<meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023896535.0x0000a7">'Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917' [‎361] (365/542)</a> <a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023896535.0x0000a7"> <img src="https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x000299/IOR_L_PS_20_E84_2_0372.jp2/full/!280,240/0/default.jpg" alt="" /> </a>
This record has a IIIF manifest available as follows. If you have a compatible viewer you can drag the icon to load it.https://www.qdl.qa/en/iiif/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x000299/manifestOpen in Universal viewerOpen in Mirador viewerMore options for embedding images
Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/E84/2
- Title
- 'Handbook of Arabia. Vol II. 1917'
- Pages
- front, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1:534, ii-r:ii-v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence