'Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore. Description of Bussorah, Bushire, Bahrein, Ormuz, and Muscat, narrative of an expedition against the pirates of the Persian Gulf, with illustrations of the voyage of Nearchus, and passage by the Arabian Sea to Bombay.' [‎387] (418/582)

TRADE OF BUSSORAH.
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it is possible, biting each other. There is usually one groom sent
with every five horses, and he has often an inferior assistant.
These are all maintained at the ship's expense while going to
India, and furnished with a free passage back if the ship returns.
The provisions for the horses are put on board by the respective
shippers of them; and though the barley and straw necessary for
a ship's full number take up at least fifty tons of room, yet it
goes free, or is included in the freight paid for the horses. Each
groom, having his own portion of provisions, feeds his horses at his
pleasure ; but it is usual generally to give them chopped straw
twice, and barley once in the day, which is towards evening.
The quantity of water requisite to be furnished by the ship,
is four gallons per day for each horse; so that a large stock must
be laid in. During the long voyages and hot summers, in the
Gulf of Persia, many horses die from confined air and want of
water ; and on these no freight is paid, since the payment of freight
for horses is always made in India, and is then given only for the
number landed. A well-authenticated instance was related to me,
however, of some horses in the ship Euphrates^ which drank sea-
water, sweetened with dates, for three successive days, after all
the fresh water was exhausted, and it produced no other effect
on them than a gentle purging; but it sufficed their thirst till
they reached a place where they could renew their supply.
In blowing weather it is usual to place mats under the horses
feet, to prevent their slipping and falling on the deck; but they
are never slung by the middle, as is done in English horse tians-
ports, for the purpose of giving them rest. With Arab horses, it
is so usual a thing for them to sleep standing, and to do so for
years in succession, without ever lying down, except when sick,
that their standing posture for a whole voyage is not objected
to, as an inconvenience, nor do they seem to suffer from want
of exercise. Ships intended for conveying horses should have a
good height between decks, never under six feet; and if reaching
to seven, it is still better. A regular tier of ports, going fore and
3 d 2