'File 73/7 I (D 19) Status of Kuwait & Baghdad Railway, and Anglo-Turkish negotiations 1911' [189r] (411/631)
The record is made up of 2 volumes (334 folios). It was created in 28 Jan 1911-19 Jan 1912. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
[This Document ig tue Properly of His Britannic Majesty s Government.
EASTERN DEPARTMENT. [April 8.]
SECRET SERIES. S uction 1.
[12979] No. 1.
Board of Trade to Foreign Ofice.—(Received ( April 8.)
(Secret.) . , • - -
' r * ai ' B 0a vd of Trade, April 7, 1911.
I AM directed by the Board of Trade to advert to your letter of the t6th March,
and enclosures, with regard to participation m tlie Bagdad Railway and' other matters,
and to the Board's re£ly of the 22nd March, and also to a letter, dated the 29th March,
from the
India Office
The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors.
to the foreign (Mfice, of which the BoaiXi' have heen favoured
with a copy.
With reference to the main question addressed to them by the Foreign Office, viz.,
what steps could be devised to ensure equality of treatment for British commerce if a
system of internationaiisation were arranged for the Gulf sections of the Bagdad Railway
such as would not allow of preponderating control in capital and on the railway board
to this country, I am now directed to inform you that the whole matter of the s£eps
necessary to secure British trade from adverse discrimination on the railways of Asiatic
Turkey has received the very careful attention of the Board. As a result, they have
caused to he prepared the enclosed rough heads of two forms of agreement having the
proposed object in view, and applicable respectively to the two cases in which Great
Britain has or has not control to the extent of at least 50 per cent, of the southern
section of the railway. It will be observed that the form and contents of the two draft
heads of agreement differ fundamentally. In the first case supposed, the desired object
could probably be attained without serious difficulty by an agreement as to the con
ditions of through traffic between the new railway company, the Bagdad Railway
Company, and perhaps the Anatolian Company. This aim would be materially
facilitated if, in addition, one or two British directors were admitted to the boards
of one or both of the last-named companies. The draft heads of such an agreement are
enclosed (marked (A) ).
In the second case supposed (which is the case assumed for the purpose of
Sir Edward Grey s question), the Board consider that nothing short of a formal treaty
between Great Britain and Turkey would be of any use, and as we should, ex hypothesi,
have no controlling power on either of the boards of management to prevent dis
crimination, the only means of enforcing the treaty would be diplomatic pressure at
Constantinople backed possibly by a threat of withdrawing consent (if given) to the
4 per cent, increase of customs duties.
In the opinion of the Board of Trade, the articles of such a treaty, in order to be
effective and to prevent evasion, would have to be drawn in a form not less stringent
than those contained in the draft enclosed herewith (marked (B) ). They cannot, how
ever, conceal from themselves that insistence on such drastic conditions would be likely
to hamper the ordinary commercial development of railway enterprise in Asiatic Turkey,
and that it would be difficult to justify them from the point of view of British railway
practice.
On the other hand, diplomatic pressure at Constantinople, with its inevitable
delays and uncertainty, does not appear to the Board to be a satisfactory mode of
preventing or remedying, as they arise, cases of alleged differentiation, cloaked as they
usually would be under various forms of adverse classification, delay of traffic, or other
indirect methods of discrimination, without the adoption of a nominally differential
tariff.
For the above and other reasons, the Board cannot recommend this course, which
does not appear to them to give to British trade any satisfactory recompense for our
consent to the increase of Turkish customs duties ; while, on the other hand, if such
consent were refused, we should be deprived of any effective lever to secure attention to
our representations to the Turkish Government.
Such study of this question as the Board have been able to make from a purely
railway, commercial, and financial point oQview has led them to the conclusion that
there are only two practicable policies :—
[1969 h—i] B
About this item
- Content
The volume contains correspondence, memorandums, and newspaper cuttings relating to a proposed Baghdad to Basra railway, an extension of the German Berlin to Baghdad Railway. Much of the correspondence has been forwarded to the Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. by the Foreign Department of the Government of India and is between Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Francis Bertie, British Ambassador to France, Louis Mallet, Assistant Under-secretary of State for Near and Middle Eastern Affairs, Charles Marling, British Ambassador to Persia, Arthur Nicolson, Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Henry Babington Smith, President of the National Bank of Turkey, Gerard Lowther, British Ambassador to Constantinople, Rifaat Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Edgar Speyer, railway financier, George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, Edward Goschen, British Ambassador to Berlin, Henry Cumberbatch, British Consul General in Turkey, George Barclay, British Minister to Persia, the Board of Trade, and William Graham Greene, Permanent Secretary to the Board of Admiralty. There is also correspondence between Percy Cox, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. at Bushire, Rear-Admiral Edmond Slade, Stuart Knox, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, and William Shakespear, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait.
The volume covers the discussions prior to formal negotiations between Britain and the Ottoman Turks brought about by the Baghdad Railway and its proposed extension to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . The issues and subjects involved are:
- the proposed route of the railway;
- control and ownership of the section between Baghdad and Basra;
- location of the terminus, and who will control it, including Slade's report (ff. 64-74) on the suitability of Basra;
- a proposed increase to customs duty in the region;
- irrigation of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;
- the contract to transport rail materials by the rivers;
- the status of Kuwait, particularly regarding Turkish and British suzerainty and influence.
Throughout the volume there are newspaper cuttings from English periodicals that relate to the Baghdad Railway and negotiations around it.
Folio 47 is a rough sketch map of the peninsula Ras Tanurah. Folio 230 is a fold-out map of the proposed route of the railway and irrigation of the rivers.
- Extent and format
- 2 volumes (334 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged chronologically. At the beginning (folios 2-5) is a subject index. It is in no particular order and organised under a few broad headings. The numbers refer to folio numbers of the secondary, earlier sequence.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The file consists of two volumes (parts one and two) and the foliation runs through both. The main foliation sequence commences at the title page of part one and terminates at the fifth folio from the back of part two; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be predominantly found in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. A second foliation sequence runs between ff. 8-291A; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. There are the following irregularities: 7 and 7A; 13 and 13A; 15 and 15A; 16, 16A and 16B; 17 and 17A; 18, 18A and 18B; 20, 20A and 20B; 21, 21A and 21B; 52, 52A, 52B, 52C; 53, 53A, 53B and 53C; 54, 54A, 54B and 54C; 55, 55A and 55B; 56, 56A and 56B; 57 and 57A; 290 and 290A.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/610
- Title
- 'File 73/7 I (D 19) Status of Kuwait & Baghdad Railway, and Anglo-Turkish negotiations 1911'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:iii-v, 1r:6v, 7ar:7av, 7r:12v, 13av, 14v, 15v, 17av, 17r, 19r:19v, 22r:37r, 38r:46v, 48r:50v, 58r:74v, 75v:84v, 87v:93v, 94v:96r, 97r:147v, iv-r:vi-v, back-i, front-a, back-a, spine-a, edge-a, head-a, tail-a, front-a-i, vii-r:ix-v, 148r:229v, 231r:289v, 291v:294v, x-r:xiii-v, back-a-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence