'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part IA & IB. J G Lorimer. 1915' [‎1167] (1322/1782)

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1167
fij
was
in the Shammar territories, but that
s a year as tribute on account of it
garrison
composed of Syrian and Moorish irregulars, and submitted without resis
tance. The Amir hastened to the spot and entered into negotiations
with the leader of the Turks, and it was finally arranged that Jauf
should continue to be included
Ibn-Eashid should pay 1,500
to the Sultan and that a Turkish Q,aim-Maqam and garrison should
remain. In 1874 the Moors of the garrison mutinied, not having received
their pay, and handed over the place to Ibn-Rashid, who resumed posses
sion in his own name and enrolled most of the Turkish deserters in his
bodyguard. Jauf possessed a special interest for Muhammad, who had
been wounded in the foot at its capture during the reign of his brother Talal.
In 1880 the Amir Muhammad invaded the Hauran countrv, penetrat
ing as far as Basrah, only 70 miles from Damascus ; the result was a
reconciliation with the northern tribes, whom it had been his object to
coerce; and the conclusion of peace was celebrated by a great feast.
Towards the end of his reign the relations of the Amir Muhammad
with his Turkish neighbours appear to have become more friendly and
more direct: this may have been the result of attentions paid bv the
Turks, who no doubt were anxious to profit by the rapid expansion of
Ibn-Rashid^s power in Central Arabia. In 1886, the way having been
prepared by despatch of presents in the preceding year, an Ottoman
mission visited Hail to arrange for the establishment of a Turkish
Government mosque and school at Hail and were dismissed with gifts,
but without a favourable answer. In 1888, when his successes in
Southern Najd began to be considerable, the Shammar Amir was careful
to inform the Porte of his victories and to pretend that he was acting
in the Turkish interest. In the same year reports were circulated
that Ibn-Rashid was about to invade Trucial 'Oman with the counte
nance of the Turkish Government; but they turned out to be premature
if not baseless, and the existence of any such design was denied by the
Porte.
As noticed in the history of Hasa, some friction, arising out of
tribal questions and raids, occurred in 1894 and 1895 between the Sham
mar Amir and the Turkish authorities in Hasa.
establish
themselves at
Jauf-al-
Amir, 1872-
74.
Raid by the
Amir on the
Syrian bor
der, 1880.
Closer rela
tions with
the Turks
and occasion-
al friction on
the Hasa
border, 1885-
97-
Government, personality and death of Mnhammad-bin-'Abdullah.
In almost every year of his reign the Amir Muhammad rode against
some offending Bedouin tribe; and the 'Anizah, 'Ataibah and Mutair,
in turn, felt the weight of his hand. In April 1885, in retaliation
for injuries committed upon some of his subjects, Ibn-Rashid actually
raided and plundered a camp of the 'Ajman so far distant from his
capital and so near to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. as 'Awainah in Wadi A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows. -al-Miyah;
but on this occasion the 'Ajman were successful, by a pursuit of his party,
in recovering some of their horses that had been carried off. Allusion
has just been made above to the Amir's difficulties in 1894 and 1895
with Arab tribes on the borders of Hasa.
Repression of
the Bedouins
by the Amir
Muhammad.
i