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'File 61/14 VI (D 50) Relations between Nejd and Iraq' [363r] (752/830)
The record is made up of 1 volume (413 folios). It was created in 31 Mar 1928-29 Jul 1928. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
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V
A
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P.IU
ITote on Bin Saud f s attitude at the it Oquair H meeting with
Sir Percy Cox in Noveiriber 1922 with special regard to the
question of M w ellE M existing along the proposed Nejd-Iraq
Boundary .
As ordeiWlDy you-1 "beg to suhmit the following note whicl
I give from my memory#
I was sent down to Bahrain in September 1922 from
Baghdad with special instructions from the High Commissioner
to get into touch with Bin Saud and persuade him to come
down to the coast, with a riew to his meeting the High
Commisioner. The special point for discussion and if possible
for settlement was to be the Iraq-Nejd Boundary*
During the preyious spring a series of raids by Nejd
tribes into Iraq, territory, and an equal number of counter
raids by Shammar sections, who had not accepted Bin Saud's
over-lordship, and had taken refuge in the Hillah Liwa had,
brought the need for some sort of "Modus VIYMDI' 1 to the for a
The first raid, counter raids, and subsequent political
propaganda in Iraq were almost identical in form and method jc
with what we have recently seen in the Autumn and Winter of
1927-1928*
Few people realized especially certain officials in Iraq
that the state of affairs was nothing new. It was only a
Repetition of what had IrertKg been going on for years under th«
Turkish regime, the only new item being the introduction of
the word "Akhwan"•
Behind all these events Iraq Officials I think failed to
recoginize the "economic question". This and this alone is th€
root cau-^se in my opinion of the annual clash tkat has taken
place each year for the last centu^ry ^long the Southern
Euphrates and has teday made willing tools of the Desert
tribes in the hands of Bin Saud on the one side, and the
Faisalite politicians ©n the other.
It is a well known fact that the Northern and Nort-East-
ern Bedouin tribes of Nejd and specially the Ajman,lfiBLtxi*
Mutair, Shammar, and nearer heme the Dkafir cannot support
j
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and reports relating to affairs between the British Mandate of Iraq and the Kingdom of Najd. The majority of the correspondence is between Leo Amery, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Austen Chamberlain, Foreign Secretary (both in London), Henry Dobbs, High Commissioner in Iraq, Lionel Haworth, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire, Cyril Barrett, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain, James More, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, King of Hejaz-Najd and its Dependencies, John Glubb, Administrative Inspector in Iraq, Gerald De Gaury, Special Service Officer in Kuwait, and the Government of India.
The volume covers the period after a revolt by the Ikhwan during which there was a perceived threat of attacks against Iraq and Kuwait. The different opinions within the British Government on the size of the threat and how to respond to it is evident. Subjects included are:
- intelligence of tribal movements and activities, particularly those of the Ikhwan tribes of Mutair, 'Ajman, and 'Utaibah, and the threat and occurrence of cross-border raids, all gathered from reports by De Gaury and Glubb, as well as local rumour;
- issues concerning the defence of Kuwait (naval protection, air reconnaissance and bombing, a land force);
- the use of 'police posts' along the desert frontier;
- the first meeting (in May 1929) between Gilbert Clayton and Ibn Sa'ud in Jeddah to discuss the crisis;
- the thoughts, motivations, and capabilities of Ibn Sa'ud;
- a conference of Najd tribal leaders in Riyadh with Ibn Sa'ud to try and resolve the situation.
Other subjects that are covered are:
- the concept of the 'jihad tax' levied by Ibn Sa'ud against non-combatants to help finance his wars;
- a rumour, dismissed by the British, that the Persians are encouraging the Ikhwan revolt (it is not clear which Persians are implicated);
- the loss of crops and grazing in Najd caused by a swarm of locusts and its effects on tribal migrations.
At the end of the volume (folios 398-402) are internal office notes.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (413 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged chronologically.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the sequence starts on the first folio and runs through to folio 404 on the inside back cover. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A and 1B; 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D; 118A; 285A; and 299A.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/582
- Title
- 'File 61/14 VI (D 50) Relations between Nejd and Iraq'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1ar:1cv, 2r:7v, 7ar:7dv, 8r:8v, 9v:13v, 14v:19v, 20v:31v, 33v:118v, 118ar:118av, 119r:285v, 285ar:285av, 286r:299v, 299ar:299av, 300r:402r
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence