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'File 61/14 VI (D 50) Relations between Nejd and Iraq' [84r] (188/830)
The record is made up of 1 volume (413 folios). It was created in 31 Mar 1928-29 Jul 1928. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
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[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]
EASTERN (Arabia).
CONFIDENTIAL.
March 19, 1928.
Section 2.
[E 1458/1/91] No. 1.
Consul Stonehewer-Bird to Sir Austen Chamberlain.—{Received March 19.)
(No. 29.)
Jeddah, February 27, 1928.
I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith a translation of a letter from Ibn Saud
dated the 7th February.The letter, a summary of which was communicated to you
in my telegram No. 7 of the 26th instant, is most disappointing in that Ibn Sand,
while expressing appreciation of His Majesty's Government's sympathy and desire to
promote an understanding, states his inability to meet Colonel Haworth. ^ )
2. Apart from this refusal, the main interests in the letter lies in Ibn Sauds
protest against the use of aeroplanes in his territory. He regards such action as a
breach of his sovereign independence. . . ,
3. While reasserting his friendship for Great Britain, he protests against British
policy in Iraq and
Transjordan
Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan
, a policy in his opinion unduly favourable to the
Shereefs. He instances (i) the Treaty of Mohammerah, and (2) the lack of zeal
displayed by British officials in insisting on the punishment of raiders instigated by
Feisal and Abdullah.
4. He maintains his attitude with regard to the establishment oi a post at
Busaiyah. He was unwilling to sign the Uqair Protocol and would not have done so,
had he not been convinced that thereunder free access was guaranteed to wells
normally frequented by his tribesmen. In spite of his feeling ot icsentment at this
breach of treaty obligations ho has restrained bis tribesmen and discountenanced
Feisal-ed-Doweish's action. If he has delayed in sending a punitive expedition against
the latter, it is because he has no assurance from Iraq that refugees will not be
harboured
5. He maintains that the further outbreak of raiding was due to the threat to
use aeroplanes against his tribesmen and to the Iraq Premier's expressed desire to send
an expedition into Nejd. i--, j ■ n a
6. The dropping in his territory of bombs and proclamations had remilamed tne
passions of the tribesmen and placed him as a friend of Great Britain in an impossible
position. He could not hope to silence his subjects in the face of this insult to them. ^
7. The fears of the Nejdis are further increased by information that a post is
being built at Mudawara. Mudawara is in territory exclusively inhabited by Nejdis
and in which the frontiers have not yet been fixed.
8. Ibn Saud sums up by a formal protest against:
(1.) The breach of the Uqair Protocol by the building of posts on the frontier. _
(2.) The endeavour by Iraq officials to incite Nejd tribesmen to rebel against him.
(3.) The crossing of the Nejd frontier by aeroplanes and the dropping of
crossing
warnings,
(4.) The breach of
inhabitants.
(5.) The building of a post at Mudawara
international law involved in the bombing ot peaceful
9. The King ends his letter with an expression^ of his confidence that His
Majesty's Government will carefully study the points of his protest and will endeavour
to extricate him from the impossible position into which he has been thrust by the
policy pursued in Iraq.
I have &c.
F. 11 W. STONEHEWER-BIRD.
[399 t—2]
* Not printed.
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and reports relating to affairs between the British Mandate of Iraq and the Kingdom of Najd. The majority of the correspondence is between Leo Amery, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Austen Chamberlain, Foreign Secretary (both in London), Henry Dobbs, High Commissioner in Iraq, Lionel Haworth, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire, Cyril Barrett, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain, James More, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, King of Hejaz-Najd and its Dependencies, John Glubb, Administrative Inspector in Iraq, Gerald De Gaury, Special Service Officer in Kuwait, and the Government of India.
The volume covers the period after a revolt by the Ikhwan during which there was a perceived threat of attacks against Iraq and Kuwait. The different opinions within the British Government on the size of the threat and how to respond to it is evident. Subjects included are:
- intelligence of tribal movements and activities, particularly those of the Ikhwan tribes of Mutair, 'Ajman, and 'Utaibah, and the threat and occurrence of cross-border raids, all gathered from reports by De Gaury and Glubb, as well as local rumour;
- issues concerning the defence of Kuwait (naval protection, air reconnaissance and bombing, a land force);
- the use of 'police posts' along the desert frontier;
- the first meeting (in May 1929) between Gilbert Clayton and Ibn Sa'ud in Jeddah to discuss the crisis;
- the thoughts, motivations, and capabilities of Ibn Sa'ud;
- a conference of Najd tribal leaders in Riyadh with Ibn Sa'ud to try and resolve the situation.
Other subjects that are covered are:
- the concept of the 'jihad tax' levied by Ibn Sa'ud against non-combatants to help finance his wars;
- a rumour, dismissed by the British, that the Persians are encouraging the Ikhwan revolt (it is not clear which Persians are implicated);
- the loss of crops and grazing in Najd caused by a swarm of locusts and its effects on tribal migrations.
At the end of the volume (folios 398-402) are internal office notes.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (413 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged chronologically.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the sequence starts on the first folio and runs through to folio 404 on the inside back cover. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A and 1B; 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D; 118A; 285A; and 299A.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/582
- Title
- 'File 61/14 VI (D 50) Relations between Nejd and Iraq'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1ar:1cv, 2r:7v, 7ar:7dv, 8r:8v, 9v:13v, 14v:19v, 20v:31v, 33v:118v, 118ar:118av, 119r:285v, 285ar:285av, 286r:299v, 299ar:299av, 300r:402r
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence