‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [110] (122/160)
The record is made up of 1 volume (80 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
no
426. The result was that Sir H. A. Layard was informed that the existing
state of affairs could not be allowed to continue, and that the Turkish Govern^
ment must be called upon co-operate for tbe suppression of piracy. Her
Majesty's Government proposed for this purpose that the commanders
of Her Majesty's ships, charged with the duty of keeping the police of the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, while they would be instructed to pursue their operations, as far
as possible, outside the territorial waters of the Arabian mainland north of
Odeid, should also have authority to pursue and capture piratical vessels within
the three-mile limit on that part of the coast, whenever this course of proceed
ing might seem indispensable to the attainment of their object. It would be
understood that in the case of any Turkish vessels of war being within reach,
the British cruizer would not act without inviting the co-operation of its com
mander, and leaving to him, if he desired it, the principal share in the operations,
and further that whenever practicable, the previous consent of any Turkish
Governor or similar official on the. mainland immediately adjacent would be
solicited. In either case any prizes made within recognized Turkish limit would
be dealt with according to the wishes of th/3 Turkish authorities. Sir H. Layard
was directed to ascertain whether such an arrangement would be accepted bv
the Sultan's Ministry.
427. In a more confidential communication, Sir H. Layard was instructed
that, wherever the Turkish authority was at the time actually and firmly estab'
liihed upon the coast, Her Majesty's Government were ready to recognize it>
and would be glad to see it accompanied by a regular and civilized administra
tion. Further as regards Maslcnt, Bahrein, and the possetnons of the Trucial
Chiefs on the coast between Odeid and Mas-el-Khyma inclusive, Her Majesty's
Government, while they considered it unnecessary to seek for any formal
declaration from the Porte, renouncing all claims of sovereignty over those
territories, were in no way disposed to recede from their repeated denial of
these claims, and considered themselves bound by their treaty engagements
^ with the several Chiefs to resist any attempt, whether direct or indirect to give
them practical effect.
428. In discussing the proposals given above, the Ambassador was directed
to express these considerations to the Turkish Ministers, in order to show how
far the arrangement was intended to extend, and what might be the possible
consequences of refusing it. Sir H. Layard was further given discretion to
abstain from any attempt at an arrangement of the kind proposed if he thought
fit, in which case it migbt be better simply to leave to Her Majesty's naval
officers a certain discretion as to visiting the waters of the El-Hasa coast for
police purposes, obtaning the previous consent of the local authorities whenever
possible, and taking the risk of remonstrance in other cases. If he considered
it advisable to suspend action on these instructions, he was asked to propose
an alternative course. In any case, he was, directed to make it clear to the
Porte that Her Majesty s Government could not acquiesce in further attempts
to meet their representations and overtures by delay and evasion, while the evil
which it was desired to repress continued unabated.
429. In His Secret despatch No. 44 of 12th November 1880, the Secretary
Secret, January 1881, No. no. State forwarded a copy of further
. , , , . , J-. . correspondence on the subject. From
this despatch it appeared that the instructions given to Sir H. Lavard were
communicated to the Porte by his order in a memorandum by Sir A' Sandison.
Abedine
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
, Governor-General of Baghdad, subsequently requested
bir A. Sandison to furnish him in writing with views of Her Majesty's Govern
ment. Mr. Goschen took the opportunity thus offered to address the following
note to the Governor-General:—
" Dated Therapia, 7th July 1880.
'• From E.oht Hob'blb G. J, Goschen , M. P., H. B. M.'s A m ba s ™dor .t Constantioople,
" ^ His Excbixency Abbdine
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
, Governor-General of Baghdad.
" I have the honour to invite Yonr Excellency's serious attention to a subject which has
been repeatedly brought to the notice of Sublime Porte by Sir H. Layard, m., the injury
About this item
- Content
Part 1 of a Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.
The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [ Wahhābī A follower of the Islamic reform movement known as Wahhabism; also used to refer to the people and territories ruled by the Al-Saud family. ] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:
1. Early history of Hasa and Katif , including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;
2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd [Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865 , including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);
3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72 , including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;
4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904 , including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;
5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74 , including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.
6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Turkish policy , including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;
7. (1) Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities , and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif ;
8. Piracies , including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;
9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa [Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it ;
10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899 ;
11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904 .
The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (80 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged into eleven chapters, preceded by a preface. Each chapter is organised by subheadings, and its paragraphs numbered. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 553/553A at the end of the eleventh chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff.4-5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referring to paragraph, rather than page, numbers.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [110] (122/160), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x00007c> [accessed 13 February 2025]
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C238
- Title
- ‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’
- Pages
- front, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1:4, 1:2, 1:35, 37:40, 42:80, 82:108, 110:144, iii-r:iii-v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence