![‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎91] (103/160)](https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x0001b8/IOR_L_PS_20_C238_0104.jp2/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg "‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎91] (103/160)")
‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [91] (103/160)
The record is made up of 1 volume (80 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
91
347. In reply to subsequent communications giving details of the arrange-
Political a ., September 1879, No. 200. ments made at Bahrein, Colonel Eoss was
>» » •• », .» 209. informed that his proceedings were general-
. Ij approved, and he was requested to
Torward a tabular statement or memorandum showing with reference to Article
3 of the Convention with Bahrein, dated 31st May 1*61, the maritime aggres-
Political a ., September 1879, No. 216. s ^ ons w hich the Chief complained and
the steps in each case to obtain repara
tion.
348. Despatch No. 55, dated 22nd May 1879, described the continued
piracies ot the Beni Hajir under Zaid-bin-Mahomed joined bv Ajman alono- the
coast between Eatif and Ojair and the inadequate and ineffective measures of
repression taken by the Turkish authorities. . It noticed the apprehensions of
„ ie ^hier of Bahrein, his application to the British authorities with special re
ference to the daring raid on Azaria and the obligations of the British Govern
ment towards the Chief.
349. At the close of the despatch in which this description of recent piracies
Proposals for suppression of piracies. was transmitted to the Secretarv of State
Political A., September 1879, No. .131. f] 1q t ex t h i .
-j i ,1 i -m ^ the Government of India called attention
to a le.ter, dated 4th March 18/9, which Colonel Nixon, the Political A^ent
in Tuikish Aiabia, had addressed to Sir A. Layard, Her Majesty's Ambassador
at Constantinople, on the subject of the piracies in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, and
observed :—
Colonel Nixon is not understood to be personally acquainted with the country which
he describes, and the accuracy of the information which he has furnished to Her Majesty's
Ambassador at Constantinople is open to question. In tJealing- with these outrages our
difficulty has been that they have been committed either within Turkish territorial waters
or in close proximity thereto—a point which Colonel Nixon does not seem to have fully
appreciated. That officer further considers that ih« recent piracies in the Gulf have arisen
out of quarrels of the tribes on the mainland of Nejd and Bahrein. This view is not shared
by Colonel Koss, the Resident in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, who has an intimate knowledge of
these localities, and who necessarily possesses far superior means of obtaining information
regarding them. According to Colonel Ross no intfr-tribal di^pu'es were goin<r on, and
the outrages were committed, for the most part, by well kuown piratical gangs whose sole
object was plunder.
" Moreover, on the 20th January and 26.th February, Mr. Robertson, the Political
Political A., September, No. 218. Assistant and Vioe-Consul at Basrah, within
" n « ji 228. which Pashalik the Turkish possessions on the
Arab coast are situate, informed Colonel Nixon
that no disturbance whatever existed in the |interior, but that if order was not restored
on the coast the disturbances might spread to the mainland. Nor is there any sufficient
evidence, so far as can be ascertained, for the statements that the Turks have conquered
years ago all the mainland in the interior from Koweit to Zobarah and that the coast line
of p«tty tribes has fallen insensibly under Turkish dominion, and that really all the interests
of the Nejd coast rest in Turkey."
350. Meanwhile Colonel Boss forwarded a copy of a letter from the Com-
Poiiticai a., September 1879, Nos. 276-282. mander of _ H. M. S. Vulture in which
he gave his opinion of the measures
which should be adopted to suppress piracy on the Turkish Arabian coast.
His opinion, although arrived at independently, coincided exactly with that
expressed by Colonel Boss in his telegram of 28th February 1879. He sug
gested that British cruisers, acting on Colonel Ross' requisition, should be
permitted to attack the pirates, if necessary, to their bases of operation on the
Kejd coast, where their boats and vessels could generally be destroyed or cap
tured without going beyond the beach : that the channels west and south of
Bahrein should be surveyed, and to assist in these operations he recommended
that a steam pinnace should be permanently stationed near Bahrein, with the
view also of protecting the islands from the raids of the Bedouins.
351. In reply to Colonel Ross* letter we forwarded to him a letter from His
Excellency the Naval Commander-in-Chief, in which he stated his opinion that
a steam pinnace was not required, and that the ships detailed for duty in the
About this item
- Content
Part 1 of a Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.
The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [ Wahhābī A follower of the Islamic reform movement known as Wahhabism; also used to refer to the people and territories ruled by the Al-Saud family. ] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:
1. Early history of Hasa and Katif , including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;
2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd [Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865 , including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);
3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72 , including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;
4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904 , including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;
5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74 , including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.
6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Turkish policy , including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;
7. (1) Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities , and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif ;
8. Piracies , including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;
9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa [Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it ;
10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899 ;
11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904 .
The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (80 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged into eleven chapters, preceded by a preface. Each chapter is organised by subheadings, and its paragraphs numbered. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 553/553A at the end of the eleventh chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff.4-5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referring to paragraph, rather than page, numbers.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [91] (103/160), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x000069> [accessed 8 February 2025]
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C238
- Title
- ‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’
- Pages
- front, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1:4, 1:2, 1:35, 37:40, 42:80, 82:108, 110:144, iii-r:iii-v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence