‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [54] (66/160)
The record is made up of 1 volume (80 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
54
of them ready to espouse his cause, he resolved with the rash impetuosity of
youth to organise an expedition for the deliverance of Hasa from the Turkish
yoke. What his ulterior projects were never became knowa, but it is probable
that, if success had attended his arms, he would have joined his brother Saud.
Quitting his temporary home in Bahrein, where he stayed but a few weeks, he
went to Ojair and was there joined by many of his allies, while others flocked to
his banner as he advanced. In Hasa he met with an enthusiastic reception,
and the whole province declared in his favour. Saeing resistance hopeless,
Bezech shut himself up in the fort at Hofhuf, where he stood a long siege and
managed to defy all efforts to dislodge him. Prompt measures were mean
while taken by the Turks to quell the revolt and vindicate their authority. A
force of three regiments of infantry, each about 800 strong, with four guns and
a few irregulars, were despatched in two vessels of war, and a transport to the
sea-port of Katif under the command of Nasir
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
. The work of retribu
tion was quick, decisive, and terrible. Lance, sword, and matchlock were of
little avail against Turkish guns and discipline. The play of the enemy's ar
tillery soon worked confusion among the motley masses of the Arabs. Abdul
Rahman was the first to flee and his example was quickly followed by his army
which dispersed in all directions. This was all the resistance that the Turks
met with, no further attempt being made by Abdul Rahman to rally his scat
tered forces or harass his foes. Then followed the sack of Hasa and the slaugh
ter and outrage of many of the inhabitants, females even being submitted to
the last degradation. This lasted for some days and then quarter was granted.
Hasa laid waste, half its people fled, and the revolt extinguished, the Turkish
forces began their homeward march towards Katif, whence they embarked and
landed in Baghdad by February.
202A. On the restoration of order, Nasir
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
withdrew with the Turkish
Formation of new province. forces to Basiah, and shortly afterwards
he was appointed G overnor of a new Turk
ish province formed on the littoral, consisting of Basrah and its dependencies
including Nejd. The establishment of this province, and more especially the
appointment of Nasir
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
, caused grave apprehension amongst the Trucial
Chiefs of the coast, who addressed the
Political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
on the subject.
203. Previous to leaving Hasa Nasir
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
had removed Bezech from his
Paiz
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
, 1875-76. post and made his own son Faiz Paiha
Said Bey 1st time^ 1876.77. Governor of Hasa, of whose administration
we know nothing. He was succeeded by Said Bey on 1876. Said Bey was one
of the latest Governors Hasa had, but must be distinguished from another
capable Governor Said
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
, his successor.
201 Said PasAa—was nominated Governor of Hasa in 1S81. He earned
Said
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
, 1st time (1877-79.) the good will of the inhabitants and a
79*8o!^ adiniai,cration Rep0ltB for 1878 - 79 and reputation as a good administrator. He
' ' . . A . «- directed an expedition against Tabeyl, a
fort belonging to the Ameyr tribe, who had been implicated in plundering and
m piracies about Katif. The fort was sacked and eventually the Amev? sub-
mitted to Said
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
and gave hostages for future good behaviour. The Beni
Hajir however defied his authority and a respectable merchant of Hasa was
waylaid and murdered by Zaid-bin-Mahomed.
205. Said
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
made place for Said Bey, who took charge for the second
said Bey, 2nd time (1879-81) time in December 1879^ He left "Ricril.
Political A., January 1880, Nos. 26d-268. r rj , „ . ' * ie [L JjasraU
l or iiasa by the after requesting
Mr. Robertson to be recommended to Colonel Ross. He maintained his
reputation as a capable administrator.
206. Said Bey, Mutassarif of Hasa, was relieved in 18S1 by Haji Abdul
?d a littS ^ iLo^ ha (1881 - 82 - ) fT 1 f a8ha > sent irom Con-
s i_ j stantmople, and who was described as a
fanatic of weak intellect. In autumn a body of the Ajman Bedouins attacked
Hasa, hoping to surprise the garrison. The commandant, however, sot warning
and repulsed the attack, killing sixty o£ the Arabs, and taking prisoners two
ot the Chiefs, Ibn-Muneykhir and Rakan. The Mutassarif was accused of
misconduct in the matter, and suspended and condned by the commandant
and other officials. A commission was sent to investigate the matter, on whose
About this item
- Content
Part 1 of a Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.
The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [ Wahhābī A follower of the Islamic reform movement known as Wahhabism; also used to refer to the people and territories ruled by the Al-Saud family. ] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:
1. Early history of Hasa and Katif , including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;
2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd [Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865 , including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);
3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72 , including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;
4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904 , including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;
5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74 , including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.
6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Turkish policy , including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;
7. (1) Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities , and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif ;
8. Piracies , including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;
9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa [Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it ;
10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899 ;
11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904 .
The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (80 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged into eleven chapters, preceded by a preface. Each chapter is organised by subheadings, and its paragraphs numbered. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 553/553A at the end of the eleventh chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff.4-5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referring to paragraph, rather than page, numbers.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [54] (66/160), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x000044> [accessed 13 February 2025]
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C238
- Title
- ‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’
- Pages
- front, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1:4, 1:2, 1:35, 37:40, 42:80, 82:108, 110:144, iii-r:iii-v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence