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'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. I. 1918' [40] (49/568)
The record is made up of 1 volume (282 folios). It was created in 1918. It was written in English, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish and Syriac. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
40
CLIMATE
Visibility. —In all hot countries where the ground is heated to
a high temperature in the summer months, the air in contact with it
is much hotter than that at a short distance above the ground. The
density of this layer which is in contact with the ground is conse
quently less than that of the upper layers, and all objects seen
through these heated layers appear to be below their true position.
This effect, known as mirage, leads to a part of the sky being seen as
though on the surface of the desert, where it appears to be a sheet of
water, and to hills, rocks, and other objects being distorted. Visi
bility is thereby greatly interfered with whenever the line of sight is
inclined at a small angle to the ground ; for a line of sight from any
considerable height this form of interference would not be serious,
but when the ground is highly heated, as in the case of a semi-arid
and subtropical region, the ascending hot air and the cooler air which
descends to take its place will probably produce a general haziness
throughout the hottest time of the day. Further, the increased
velocity of the wind after midday raises a considerable amount
of fine dust which remains in suspense until sunset, and diminishes
the visibility of objects at a distance.
Clouds are rare in the summer months, and the few that do occur
are cirrus clouds which are situated at high altitudes. Occasionally,
when unsettled weather is imminent, overcast skies are experienced,
but these are uncommon and do not usually last for any time.
Temperature. —The difference between the highest and lowest
temperatures in any month is very considerable ; the mean range,
or the difference which is ordinarily experienced in the course of the
various months, is given in the following table :
Mean Monthly Eakge of Temperature
Month,
Mosul.
0 F.
Baghdad, Babylon.
0 r. o F.
Bushire,
0 F.
J an uary
February
41-2
40-4
36-4
45-2
41-8
44-7
44-3
44-1
47-7
41.1
41-9
45-0
43-5
46-5
42-5
42-7
45.4
47-7
47-4
45.5
40-3
43-0
45.9
48-8
54*0
50-8
49-2
47-5
49-4
53*1
51-0
51-4
46-3
37-7
37-7
37-6
38-0
30.9
32-3
35-2
30-7
35-5
36-9
33-5
26-7
March
April .
May .
June .
July .
August
33-8
39-8
27-0
27-1
30-0
34-5
33-3
24-8
September
October
November
December
44.1
34-8
39-8
40-3
33-5
About this item
- Content
This volume is A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume I, General (Naval Staff, Intelligence Department: November 1918). This is an updated and expanded edition of A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume I, General (Admiralty War Staff, Intelligence Department: August 1916) (IOR/L/MIL17/15/41/1). This is an introductory volume containing matter of a general nature giving an account of conditions in Mesopotamia, for the most part as they were before the First World War.
The volume includes a note on official use, a title page and 'Note'. There is a page of 'Contents' that includes the following chapters and sections:
- Chapter 1: Boundaries and Physical Features;
- Chapter 2: Climate;
- Chapter 3: Minerals;
- Chapter 4: Fauna and Flora;
- Chapter 5: Hygiene;
- Chapter 6: History;
- Chapter 7: Inhabitants;
- Chapter 8: Religions;
- Chapter 9: Administration;
- Chapter 10: Irrigation of Irak [Iraq];
- Chapter 11: Agriculture and Land Tenure;
- Chapter 12: Commerce and Industry;
- Chapter 13: Currency, Weights, and Measures;
- Chapter 14: Communications and Transport;
- Vocabularies;
- Index.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (282 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged in numbered chapters. There is a contents page and an alphabetically arranged index.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of the folio.
Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish and Syriac in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/41/2
- Title
- 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. I. 1918'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1:556, ii-r:ii-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence