Native Letters Outward [‎36v] (89/292)

Content

This volume includes miscellaneous draft correspondence, reports and statements, as well as Internal Transit Permits, in English with accompanying Arabic and Persian (with the presence of siyāq accountancy script) translations from 14 May 1863 (25 Dhū al-Qa‘dah 1279) to 18 October 1865 (27 Jumādá I 1282).

The letters are between the British Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. at Bushire, during Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis Pelly's residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. , and various correspondents, most prominent among them are:

• British native agents Non-British agents affiliated with the British Government. and Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. staff: Mahomed Hassan Khan [Muḥammad Ḥassan Khān], British Agent at Shiraz; Hajee Yacoob [Ḥājjī Ya‘qūb], British Agent at Sharjah; Hajee Ahmed [Ḥājjī Aḥmad], Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. Arabic secretary; Hajee Jassem [Ḥājjī Jāsim], British Agent at Bahrain; Hajee Mahomed Busheer [Ḥājī Muḥammad Bushīr], British Agent at Lingah; Jaffer Kolee Khan [Ja‘far Qūlī Khān], brother of British Agent at Shiraz and acting Agent; Mahomed Jeauder Ali, havalidar [ Havildar Custodian; police sergeant; jail or prison guard. ] of the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. ; Mirza Jowad [ Mīrzā A title of honour originally applied to princes, later to military leaders, and later still to secretaries, chieftains, and other ‘gentlemen’. Jawād], Coal Agent at Bassidore; Abdul Causem [‘Abd al-Qāsim], Slave Agent at Bassidor;
• Persian Officials: Agha Mahomed Ali [Āghā Muḥammad ‘Alī], Melek et Tojjar [Malik al-tajjār], Bushire; Mirza Mahomed Ali Khan [ Mīrzā A title of honour originally applied to princes, later to military leaders, and later still to secretaries, chieftains, and other ‘gentlemen’. Muḥammad ‘Alī Khān], Persian Foreign Agent at Shiraz; Ahmed Khan [Aḥmad Khān], Governor of Bushire; Mirza Saeed Khan [ Mīrzā A title of honour originally applied to princes, later to military leaders, and later still to secretaries, chieftains, and other ‘gentlemen’. Sa‘īd Khān], Minister for Foreign Affairs; Prince Governor A Prince of the Royal line who also acted as Governor of a large Iranian province during the Qājār period (1794-1925). of Yezd; Sultan Aweis Mirza [Sulṭān Aways Mīrzā A title of honour originally applied to princes, later to military leaders, and later still to secretaries, chieftains, and other ‘gentlemen’. ], Governor of Behbahan; Mahomed Yusuf Khan [Muḥammad Yūsuf Khān], Deputy Governor of Bushire; Sheikh Abd al Ali [‘Abd ‘Alī], mujtahid of Bushire; Mirza Suleyman Khan [ Mīrzā A title of honour originally applied to princes, later to military leaders, and later still to secretaries, chieftains, and other ‘gentlemen’. Sulaymān Khān], Acting Governor of Bushire; Mirza Ibrahim Khan [ Mīrzā A title of honour originally applied to princes, later to military leaders, and later still to secretaries, chieftains, and other ‘gentlemen’. Ibrāhīm Khān], Deputy Governor of Bushire;
• Rulers: Chief of Moghoo [Sulṭan bin Ḥusayn?]; Governor of Kuteef [al-Qatif]; Agha Khan Muhallati; Ameer Faysul [Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Sa‘ūd], chief of Najd; Syed Majid [Sayyid Mājid bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Zanzibar; Mahomed Khan [Muḥammad Khān], chief of Khormooj [Khvormūj]; Sheikh Ali ben Abdullah [Ālī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Mu‘allā], chief of Amulgowine [Umm al-Qaywayn]; Sheikh Hushur ibn Muktoom [Ḥashr bin Maktūm], chief of Debai [Dubai]; Sheikh Mahomed ibn Khalifah [Muḥammad bin Khalīfah], chief of Bahrain; Sheikh of Ajman, Ḥumayd bin Rāshid Āl Nu‘aymī; Sheikh of Lingah [Khalīfah bin Sa‘īd]; Sheikh Subah [Ṣabāḥ Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ], Chief of Koweit; Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr [Sulṭān bin Ṣaqr Āl Qāsimī One of the ruling families of the United Arab Emirates; also used to refer to a confederation of seafaring Arabs led by the Qāsimī tribe from Ras al Khaima. ]l, ruler of Ras al-Khaymah and Sharjah; Sheikh Zayed ibn Khalifah [Zāyid bin Khalīfah Āl Nahyān]; Sultan of Muscat, Thawaini [Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd];
• Others: Hajee Ibrahim Mahmeny [Ḥājjī Ibrāhīm Maymanī], Bushire merchant; Sheikh Ali ibn Khalifah [‘Alī bin Khalīfah], Bahrain; Hajee Ahmed [Ḥājī Aḥmad], wazir Minister. of the Sultan of Muscat; Ibrahim ibn Yusuf [Ibrāhīm bin Yūsuf], Bassidor; Lalezur, a Jewish inhabitant of Bushire; Mahomed Saleh [Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ], Bushire merchant; Mirza Ali Akbar [ Mīrzā A title of honour originally applied to princes, later to military leaders, and later still to secretaries, chieftains, and other ‘gentlemen’. ‘Alī Akbār], Shiraz merchant at Bushire; Sayed Subhanullah [Sayyid Subḥānullāh], inahbitant of Akbarbad; Shahibanor, widow of late Hajee Khodadud [Ḥājjī Khodādad], British Agent at Bassidore; Yoseph bin Buder [Yūsuf bin Badr], Kuwait merchant; widow of Agha Yusuf [Āghā Yūsuf], munshi A term used in the Middle East, Persia and South Asia to refer to a secretary, assistant or amanuensis. Munshis were employed in the British administration in the Gulf. ; Beebee Fatimah [Bībī Fāṭimah], daughter of late Mahomed Nubee Khan [Muḥammad Nabī Khān].

General subjects covered throughout the volume include relations between the British Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. at Bushire and the Persian government; communications with their native agents Non-British agents affiliated with the British Government. , local rulers and merchants on both littorals of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; relations with other powers including the Wahhabis and the rulers of Najd, the Sultanate of Oman and the Persians; the status and claims of British Indian protected subjects; trade, exports, imports and customs; preservation of the maritime peace; pearling issues; and slavery cases.

Specific events and details include: the affairs of Ibrāhīm Maymanī; procuring housing at Bushire (ff. 131r, 128v-129r, 125r); the English burial ground at Bushire (f. 129r); pilgrims proceeding on hajj (f 124r); trip of Hajee Mirza Ahmed [Ḥājjī Mīrza Aḥmad], Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. Head Munshi A term used in the Middle East, Persia and South Asia to refer to a secretary, assistant or amanuensis. Munshis were employed in the British administration in the Gulf. to the Arab Coast (ff. 95r, 92r); Wahhabi influence on the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. (f. 82r, 81v); acquiring a plot of land for the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Telegraph (f. 73v); an incident on board British vessels at Bushire involving Captain Warner (f. 78v); arrangements for the birthdays of Queen Victoria (f. 66v) and the Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh Qājār (f. 61v, 20v); abolition of the Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. at Bahrain (f. 58r, 57v); and announcing the English New Year (f. 46v).

Miscellaneous notes in Arabic and Persian appear on the verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. of the front cover and folios 1r-6v and 135v-136v. A stamp reading 'Received In [Political] Department' dated 4 December 1907 appears on folio 2r with 'from Mr Wollaston on retirement' written below in pencil.

Extent and format

1 volume (142 folios)

Arrangement

The volume is arranged from right to left with the earliest correspondence appearing on folio 133r and the latest on folio 5r. Both the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. and verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. of the folio are divided into a grid with the English appearing in the right hand column and the Arabic or Persian appearing in the left hand column. Some letters appear with the word 'Entered' at the bottom of the text (for example, folio 133r), while others appear with the word 'Cancelled' written over the text (for example, folios 123v and 35r) or crossed out (folio 34r). The letters in this volume are unnumbered. Letters for the year 1863 run from 14 May on folio 133r to 2 December on folio 90v; for the year 1864 from 13 January on folio 90v to 23 December on folio 47r; for the year 1865 from 3 January on folio 46r to 18 October on folio 5r. There are inserted folios of Arabic and English documents on folios 4A and 136.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation number is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the third folio after the front cover (the front cover being separate from the rest of the volume), on number 1, and ends on the last folio of writing, on number 136. Foliation errors: f. 4 is followed by ff. 4A-B; f.112 is followed by f. 112A.

Written in

English, Arabic and Persian in Latin and Arabic script

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