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'File 9/1 Institution of Reforms & Sunni opposition intrigues' [149r] (314/504)
The record is made up of 1 volume (241 folios). It was created in 10 Apr 1922-19 Oct 1930. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
Page 3»
withf and murder Shiah Alim and companion near Budaiyya in
revenge- In Jan 1924 second Sitrah outrage, in revenge for evi
dence given in former case, strong action talcen and reforms com^
laence* Govt ' have no desire to proceed faster than they can Xsl
take the Shaiich wholheartedly with them, A1 Ghattam murders,
small outages and finally attach on Shaikh^ life in 1926.
Levy Corps had been disbanded owing to incidents and Indians
enlisted to Replace them. Mr BeIgrave arrives and reforms begin |
to get under weigh. Capt. Parice arrives, and from end of 192^
no further acts of violence taice place# This brief suinmary ;
shows quite clearly that Government's policy of non-interference
became untenable, and finally they were obliged to act with
■
decision and vigour.
7. I will now consider what reforms x were contemplated.
It appears from the letter forwarded with
Residency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India.
letter to
Govt under no.30?/S of 15/6/23^the principal reform contemplates
were, reform of finances, including the civil list. Customs,
Govt, offices and a survey. As as a result of the second Sitrah
outrage a Levy Corps was formed, to be disbanded later and Pun-
jabi -fusalmans being subsituted for the l^scati Baluchis.
Pearling reforms were also contemplated tho* I cannot crace
any proposals made to Govt, concerning this^ Proposals were
made for a Judicial assistant to the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
, to be paid
for by the State, but this idea was apparently dropped, and fi
nally Mr Belgrave was engaged ad Financial Adviser# Mr de Gren-
ier had already been engaged to reorganise the Customs after
Wr Bower.
8. The reforms that were actually effected are,
A. a Financial Adviser controlling all expenditure and doing
his best to limit a too buoyant Kx^eKdltsxs Civil List.
B* A reorganised Customs department, ith which is combined
Boat registration, collection of Pedaling licences. Passport
and Port Officer^ duties,
C. A reformed Court consisting of the Adviser and Shaikhs
her^ apparent, and a lower court composed of the Adst Adviser
About this item
- Content
The first part of the volume (folios 2 to 146) covers the period 1922 to 1927, and concerns proposals for reforms in the Sheikhdom of Bahrain, and their subsequent implementation and impact on the kingdom. This part of the volume contains letters exchanged between the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain (Major Clive Daly until September 1926, thereafter Major Cyril Barrett) and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or the Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox until April 1924, thereafter Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Prideaux), and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. and the Foreign Secretary of the Government of India. British officials discussed proposals for economic and political reforms in Bahrain, with particular attention paid to tax changes intended to redress the imbalance between what Bahrain's Sunnis and Shias were obliged to pay. Also discussed were the financial reorganisation of the customs house and regulation of the pearl diving industry, reform of the Bahrain judicial system, land registration and revenues, and the institution of a Levy Corps force. British officials also discussed the relationships between themselves and between members of the al Khalifa ruling family, in particular Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa and his son Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. The abdication or removal of Isa, and the installation of Hamad, are discussed at length.
The last part of the volume (folio 147 onwards) spans the period 1929-1930, and is chiefly comprised of correspondence between the Bahrain Agent (Colonel Geoffrey Prior), Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. (Barrett to November 1929, thereafter Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Biscoe) and officials from the Government of India. This part of the volume concerns fears on the part of the Government of India that Britain is too heavily involved in Bahrain, and asks questions of whether the number of British officials in Bahrain can be reduced. Included are two lengthy reports by Prior and Barrett in June and August 1929 respectively (folios 147-162, 165-185) outlining Britain's historic intervention in Bahrain, and stressing the importance of its continued presence.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (241 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume's contents have been arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence begins on the front cover and finishes on the back cover, using circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present between ff 2-118; these numbers are written in blue crayon, circled and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F; 137A and 137B.
The following folios are fold-outs: 17-18, 51-52, 64-65, 86, 106-107, 221 and 227.
The volume is tightly bound to the extent that the text on some items disappears into the gutter, making it difficult to read.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'File 9/1 Institution of Reforms & Sunni opposition intrigues' [149r] (314/504), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/127, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023321443.0x000073> [accessed 1 February 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/127
- Title
- 'File 9/1 Institution of Reforms & Sunni opposition intrigues'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1br:1fv, 2r:85v, 86v:136v, 137ar:137bv, 138r:140v, 141v:226v, 228r:232v, 234r:243v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence