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'File 9/1 Institution of Reforms & Sunni opposition intrigues' [‎112r] (238/504)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (241 folios). It was created in 10 Apr 1922-19 Oct 1930. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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te t?i]ce all cases within tho p@v©rs of a secsnd el? 8%^%^lstrat®,
i that it Bh@uld sit three tr faar cteys a v/eek as my b« necessary.
?here should be right of appeal on payment of appeal fees,to the
Xprge C@art f which will continue to consist of Hanad & the PpA.
wording on the lines hitherto In force & which would have the powers
already possessed by the P.A. of 1st CI gss Magistsrste & Sessions
Judge. Hamad would ba guided by those po ers himself in tsking his
own cases. It is further proposed that certain classes of casos,
should for the time being be reserved for the 'I^rg© Court* namely
Criminal Cases betwen iunnis & Shaiaks & Cases between 3unni
Garden owners ^ thair shiah farmers,which owing to the religious
feeling & political aspect require careful handling.
In estimating the pay of a ^ritish Commandant of Levies in
the Budget I have purpo ,®ly allowed for the dual capacity. I would
urge that a Young Political officer who has just done training might
be appointed to this post,which would be regarded ss f Foreign Service*
He might be given his pay in the Political plus an allowance for
Commandant of Levies. He would undoubtedly be a good investment fot
the Bahrain Government & would earn most of his pay in court fees.
5?he prosent system as regards fees,is that in cases between Bahrain
subjects which Hamad tskes the fees go to the Bahrain Government,
in Joint cas^ s they are divided, & in cases between Britsh subjects
taken by the Pp-^p. they are creditei to aovernment. I would suggest
that this system continue as regard the r Large Court 1 but I think
it would be right as regards the small ^ourt for all fees to go to
the Bahrain Grovernment,since they would be paying the British
Officer. Or another,but more c omplicated way would be for Govt,
to pay half the salary of the officer (except the Commandants allow«
ance which would be paid wholly by Bahrain) & Bahrain the other hgdb-
half,but this would be complicated further as regards pension
contribution.! think that he should be wholly paid by the Bahrain
Grevernment & that they should h've the feer, earned in his court,
even if recoverd from Britsh protected parsons & then they would
/' j
be in position te ask his help in other small matters as well.
•^ch an officer could be housed without trouble^Uhe new quarters f
designed for the Customs Director,which is to be started almost

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Content

The first part of the volume (folios 2 to 146) covers the period 1922 to 1927, and concerns proposals for reforms in the Sheikhdom of Bahrain, and their subsequent implementation and impact on the kingdom. This part of the volume contains letters exchanged between the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain (Major Clive Daly until September 1926, thereafter Major Cyril Barrett) and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or the Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox until April 1924, thereafter Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Prideaux), and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. and the Foreign Secretary of the Government of India. British officials discussed proposals for economic and political reforms in Bahrain, with particular attention paid to tax changes intended to redress the imbalance between what Bahrain's Sunnis and Shias were obliged to pay. Also discussed were the financial reorganisation of the customs house and regulation of the pearl diving industry, reform of the Bahrain judicial system, land registration and revenues, and the institution of a Levy Corps force. British officials also discussed the relationships between themselves and between members of the al Khalifa ruling family, in particular Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa and his son Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. The abdication or removal of Isa, and the installation of Hamad, are discussed at length.

The last part of the volume (folio 147 onwards) spans the period 1929-1930, and is chiefly comprised of correspondence between the Bahrain Agent (Colonel Geoffrey Prior), Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. (Barrett to November 1929, thereafter Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Biscoe) and officials from the Government of India. This part of the volume concerns fears on the part of the Government of India that Britain is too heavily involved in Bahrain, and asks questions of whether the number of British officials in Bahrain can be reduced. Included are two lengthy reports by Prior and Barrett in June and August 1929 respectively (folios 147-162, 165-185) outlining Britain's historic intervention in Bahrain, and stressing the importance of its continued presence.

Extent and format
1 volume (241 folios)
Arrangement

The volume's contents have been arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence begins on the front cover and finishes on the back cover, using circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present between ff 2-118; these numbers are written in blue crayon, circled and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F; 137A and 137B.

The following folios are fold-outs: 17-18, 51-52, 64-65, 86, 106-107, 221 and 227.

The volume is tightly bound to the extent that the text on some items disappears into the gutter, making it difficult to read.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 9/1 Institution of Reforms & Sunni opposition intrigues' [‎112r] (238/504), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/127, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023321443.0x000027> [accessed 2 March 2025]

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