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'Persian Gulf Gazetteer, Part I Historical and Political Materials, Précis of Bahrein [Bahrain] Affairs, 1854-1904' [98] (117/204)
The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
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9 8
CHAPTER XL.
(I) Establishment of the American Arabian Mission in Bahrein.
(2) Complaints against the proceedings of Mr. Zwemer. (3)
Question as to allotment of plot of ground for their Mission house
and hospital, etc., in the face of the agreement of 1892.
1899—1901.
356. In February 1899, Government of India received from Leiutenant-
estemai b , varch 1899, noa. aia -214, and No». Colonel Meade an application which had
240 ' 357 ' been made to him by Mr. Zwemer of the
American Arabian Mission for assistance in obtaining a building site at Bahrein,
Colonel Meade expressed the opinion that the presence of missionaries at
Bahrein was a source of danger. Government of India instructed Colonel
Meade to inform Mr. Zwemer that he could give him no assistance for the
reason that it is the settled policy of the British Government to interfere in
nowise with religious customs and beliefs. Colonel Meade was also directed
to make it clear to the Sheikh that the attitude of the British Government was
one of absolute neutrality, and rfiat Colonel Meade himself had no wish to
influence in any way the Sheikh's decision on Mr. Zwemer's application. Be
fore these instructions reached him, Colonel Meade visited Bahrein ; Mr. Zwemer
agreed to make no farther attempt to purchase land, and, Colonel Meade hoped
that matters would thereafter run smoothly, and advised him however about
the acquisition of a house for his Mission.
357. In a letter No. 76, dated the 29th May 1899, the
Political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
Secret e, )uiy 1899, Nos. 249-254. ln th, f P . ersian p ulf Awarded, with remarks,
translations of papers on the subject of
complaints referred by the Sheikh and the residents of Bahrein against Mr.
Zwemer and suggested that in consequence of fresh complaints made against
his Scripture readers in ridiculing and abusing Mahomet, it might be advisable
that he and his comrades should leave Bahrein, as it was not improbable that
they might be subjected to personal violence.
358. The facts cf the case were embodied in a draft despatch to the
Secretary of State which was submitted to, and met with, His Excellency's
approval. Lord Curzon noted, 14th June 1899:—
But it is a pity that before our instructions reached him Colonel Me^de should
{vtde his letter of 10th March) have given any advice to the Missionary about the acquisi-
tion of a house for his mission. This was practically an encouragement to the padre to
remain. r
359. In the Despatch (No. 118, dated 22nd June 1899) after statin^ the
facts as regards the proposed acquisition of site for house for the American
Mission, it was observed :—
" As fresh complaints have now been made, we agree with Leiutenant-Colonel Meade
that it is undesirable for Mr. Zwemer and his comrades to remain in Bahrein, where it
is not improbable that they might be subjected to personal violence, and we should be
glad if Her Majesty's Government could take such steps as would result in Mr Zwemer's
re-call."
> forwarding copy of this despatch to the Foreign Office, the India
Office in its letter, dated 28th July 1899, observed:
" Lord Salisbury is aware that the Chief of Bahrein is bound by an engagement
Secret E., February 1900, Noa. 119-iai. dated^ the 22nd December 1880, to abstain from
f i_ r, * 1 , f . . enterin g into negotiations with any State other
than the British, and to refuse permission to any other Government to establish Consular
Agencies in the island. U rests, therefore, Jith the BriUsh
tn each parHciilar case that may rise what steps ought to be taken for the protection
The somewhat imperfect account given in these papers as to the proceeding of Mr
Zwemer shows that he ,s charged w.th speaking against the Muhammadan religion and
causing uneasiness. It ,s not explamed whether his preaching takes place in the mission
residence or in the pub,,c streets and eads to any breach of any local laws Mr
Zwemer s reply to the charges is not given, but it is stated that Colonel Meade has
About this item
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The volume is Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Gazetteer, Part I Historical and Political Materials, Précis of Bahrein Affairs, 1854-1904 (G C Press, 1904).
The volume is divided into the following sections: political events, 1854-70; international status and British protection; and internal affairs and British policy, with appendices.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (98 folios)
- Arrangement
There is a list of contents at the front of the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Pagination: the pagination sequence commences at 1 on the first page after the front cover and terminates at 168 on the last page before the back cover. These numbers are printed, with additions in pencil, and can be found in the top centre of each page. Pagination anomalies: pp. 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 1I, 1J, 1K, 1L; pp. 114, 114A, 114B; pp. 116, 116A, 116B, 116C, 116D, 116E, 116F; pp. 147, 147A, 147B, 147C, 147D, 147E, 147F, 147G, 147H, 147I, 147J, 147K. The following numbers do not appear in the pagination sequence: 150-152.
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'Persian Gulf Gazetteer, Part I Historical and Political Materials, Précis of Bahrein [Bahrain] Affairs, 1854-1904' [98] (117/204), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/722, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023193818.0x000076> [accessed 6 April 2025]
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- IOR/R/15/1/722
- Title
- 'Persian Gulf Gazetteer, Part I Historical and Political Materials, Précis of Bahrein [Bahrain] Affairs, 1854-1904'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1, 1a:1l, 2:114, 114a:114b, 115:116, 116a:116f, 117:147, 147a:147k, 148:149, 153:168, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence