'Extracts from Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia by J G Lorimer CIE, Indian Civil Service' [‎55v] (115/180)

100
Relations of the Amir Khalid with Arab states, 1840 42.
[p, 1106]
Rdaiion 8 dealings of the Amir Khalid with other states in Arabia were slight, and
'Omai/ 1 ^ were P rac ti ca lly confined to Trucial 'Oman. Some of the chiefs of that region
1840-42. undoubtedly opened a correspondence with him, particularly the Shaikh of Sharjah,
a letter from whom, relating to designs on Baraimi, was intercepted by the Na'lm
of that oasis in 1841. In October of the same year Khalid appeared to be
organising an expedition against Baraimi; but, if this was the case, he was
prevented from undertaking it by the rebellion, already in progress, which ended
in his expulsion from his dominions.
Designs on Trucial 'Oman, 1842-43.
[p. 1108\
However weak an Amir of the Wahhabis might be, it was considered
necessary to his honour at this period that he should assert his claims to sovereignty
over distant 'Oman; and this obligation 'Abdullah fulfilled by informing the
Shaikhs of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. that he intended to depute Sa'ad-bin-Mutlaq to
represent him at Baraimi. The Shaikhs of Baraimi, who were also addressed,
openly alleged a connection with the British Government, which, they may have
hoped, would deter the Amir from meddling with their oasis; but they were divided
among themselves, and the secret correspondence of some among them with the
Wahhabis had, it was believed, a different tenor.
Relations
with Turkey,
and Egypt,
1843-65.
Relations
with Jabal
Shammar,
1843-65.
Relations of the Wahhabi Government with adjacent states in
Arabia, etc., 1843-65.
[pp. 1110-6]
With peace and order prevailing at home and a revenue sufficient for the needs
of Government, it was natural that the energies of the Wahhabi Amir should take
an outward direction, and that the proceedings of the Wahhabis abroad should
become more aggressive than they had been for a considerable time past.
Some uncertainty overshadows the relations subsisting, during the earlier part
of Faisal's reign, between his government and the governments of Turkey and
Egypt. In 1851 the Amir was understood to pay tribute to the Porte; but
accredited envoys of the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Egypt, were present in his camp, and the Wahhabi
agent at Kuwait professedly supported Egyptian interests. In 1855, in
correspondence with the British Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , the Amir
asserted himself to be "a dependent of the exalted Turkish Government" and
stated that his differences with Muhammad 'Ali of Egypt had been due to the
conflict in policy between that Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. and the Porte. About 1860, in the course
of discussions relating to Bahrain, the Amir Faisal again wrote, somewhat
ambiguously, that " in accordance with treaties between the Wahhabi Amir and
the Sultan 'Abdul Majid, there are matters which everyone is precluded from
meddling with, unless on special grounds." These periodical declarations show
that the Amir was not averse, when it suited his interest, to admit dependence on
the Porte; and the Turks, on their part, clearly asserted their suzerainty over the
Wahhabis. An illustration of the Turkish claims was afforded by a protest lodged
by the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Baghdad in 1862, against the bombardment of Dammam in Hasa
by British war-vessels in the previous year; for the place in question was described
as lying within the territory of " Faisal Bey, the Qaim-Maqam of Najd " and as
forming " part of the hereditary dominions of the Sultan." At the close of Faisal's
reign, the tribute rendered by him to the Porte was merely nominal and seems to
have been paid through the Sharif of Makkah.
So long as 'Abdullah, the first Mahfudh, continued to rule Jabal Shammar,
the loyalty of that province to the Wahhabi Amir remained unquestioned; and
Faisal, on his return from Egypt, seems to have been assisted by his old dependent
to recover his position in Najd. Talal, the son of 'Abdullah, married a daughter