'Extracts from Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia by J G Lorimer CIE, Indian Civil Service' [‎33r] (70/180)

55
22 wounded on the side of Hamrlyah. 'Abdur Rahman, a son of Saif-bin-
'Abdullah, then became Shaikh of Hamrlyah; and Hamaid-bin-Rashid succeeded
his deceased brother as Shaikh of 'Ajman.
Perpetual Treaty of Peace, 4th May 1853.
When the period of the Ten Years' Maritime Truce began to near its end,
Captain A. B. Kemball, then Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , consulted the
Shaikhs who were parties to the same regarding the conclusion in its place of
a permanent peace at sea. The replies received were not unfavourable, and the
project was strongly supported by the Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions. ; accordingly, at
the beginning of May 1853, Captain Kemball, under the sanction of the Govern
ment of India, proceeded in the " Clive" to the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. , where the
negotiations were quickly and successfully completed. Experience had now
convinced the Shaikhs of the benefit to all from unbroken peace at sea, and not
even that pro forma opposition was encountered which had been anticipated on
the part of the more powerful Shaikhs of Sharjah and Abu Dhabi, the Shaikh
of Sharjah being satisfied by an assurance that the signature of the new treaty
would not debar him, in an extreme case, from defending his maritime possessions
in the Gulf of 'Oman by naval means against the ruler of Masqat. The terms of
the Perpetual Treaty of Peace, as it was styled, were similar to those of the Ten
Years' Truce, but included, as an additional stipulation, that the " perfect maritime
truce " now established " for evermore " should be watched over and enforced by
the British Government. The treaty, which took effect from the 4th of May, was
signed by the Shaikhs on various dates between the 4th and the 9th of that month.
The continuance of a system of presents, which the Resident was accustomed
to bestow at his periodical visits in recognition of good conduct on the part of
the individual Shaikhs, was expressly sanctioned by the Government of India.
PERIOD FROM THE PERPETUAL TREATY OF PEACE TO THE
EXCLUSIVE AGREEMENT, 1853-92.
British relations with Trucial ? Oman, 1853-92.
The term " Maritime irregularitywhich after 1853 generally figures in Maritime
official correspondence in place of the word " piracy ", is significant of the great irregularities,
and peaceful revolution which, by the firmness and moderation of the British
political officers, had been gradually brought about in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
On his first visit to the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. after the conclusion of the Perpetual 1854.
Peace, the Resident, Captain Kemball, found the Shaikhs confirmed in their
" attachment and devotion to the British Government" and in their resolution
faithfully to observe their engagements. On this occasion only two slight cases
of breach of the peace at sea came under his consideration, and they were easily
settled.
In January 1855 a Shu'ai belonging to one 'Abdul Kanm of Bahrain, having 1855-1856.
been driven by a storm to take shelter near Khor-al-'Odaid, was attacked and
plundered there by two Baghlahs of Abu Dhabi; in the fray Abdul Karim himself
was wounded and one of his men was killed. The Shaikh ot Abu Dhabi, Zaid-
bin-Khalifah, who had just succeeded to the Shaikhdom, at first demurred to
settling the case on the ground that it had occurred under his predecessor; but,
this plea having been disallowed, he complied with the demands made on him
through Commodore Ethersey by paying full compensation for the robbery and
$600 as Diyah or blood-money on account of the murdered man, and by causing
the two offending Baghlahs to be burnt.
A disturbance which took place at Hamrlyah in 1855 gave rise to several
slight aggressions at sea, two of them upon stranger vessels belonging to the Batinah
coast; but redress in these cases was easily obtained.
In November 1855, while the " Kallian ", a Bombay native vessel belonging
to a Hindu British subject, was unloading her cargo at Sharjah, a storm arose and
drove her on shore. On the wind abating a rabble from the town came down to
the beach and plundered and partially destroyed her, besides tearing down a
British flag which the Nakhuda had hoisted for her protection; and a second
British flag having been hoisted, the Arabs began to abuse the British Government
and violently assaulted one of the crew. A man-of-war was accordingly despatched
to Sharjah with a demand for compensation, for the repair ol the vessel, and tor