'Report on Najd Mission 1917-1918' [‎11r] (21/60)

17
he admitted the irapeacliment and merely pleaded that, so long as smuggling
on a large scale was practised in Kuwait to the profit of the local merchants,
it was scarcely reasonable to expect him to penalise the merchants of his own
territories—indeed he could not do so without serious risk of alienating the
Qasim.
Colonel Hamilton and I eventually proposed that a system of passes,
should be introduced, wiiereoy lacilities tor export from lvuv\ait wou.d Le
granted only to persons certified by the possession of such passes, signed by
lib Saud or his local Amirs, to be Ibn Sand's Subjects and reliable indivi
duals, and on the condition that Ibn Saud himself should accept personal
responsibility that goods, so exported, should not pass his frontier.
He demurred slightly at an arrangement so novel to Arab ideas and
offered us an alternative to undertake the policing of the Kuwait frontier.
Such an arrangement, however, amounting as it did to a request for free
permission to vex and harass the Shaikh of Kuwait and his people, could not
for a moment be entertained; and for want of any other suitable alternative
we pressed for the acceptance of our original proposals, to which Ibn Saud—
by this time assured of a satisfactory settlement of the Ajman question—
eventually assented on the understanding that the British Government would
take serious steps to prevent all direct smuggling from Kuwait itself to th^
enemy.
It was accordingly arranged as follows:—namely,
(1) that Ibn Saud should undertake the vigorous blockade of enemy
territory, accepting full personal responsibility that no supplies,
which entered his territories, should leave them for an enemy
destination;
(2) that the British Government should arrange for an effective blockade
system at Kuwait;
(3) that permission to export from Kuwait would not be conceded to
anyone not provided with a pass signed by the Amir of his place
of residence;
(4) that such permission would on no account be granted even to
friendly Shammar elements unless they were accompanied by
a responsible representative of Ibn Saud himself; and,
(5) that a form of pass, evolved in the course of our discussions, should
be introduced without delay and distributed to the local Amirs
for use—the bearer of the pass would be required to present it
to the British authorities at Kuwait, to be endorsed by them with
the quantity of each article to be exported and, on his arrival
at his destination, he would appear before the local Amir, who
would endorse on the pass the quantities of each article duly
brought to the intended destination, the document being even
tually returned, so endorsed and signed, to the British author
ities at Kuwait for record.
Not content with the consummation of this agreement, we lost no oppor
tunity of impressing on Ihn Saud that his interests, no less than those of the
British Government, were at stake and that the importance of preventing
supplies reaching the enemy could not be exaggerated. He accordingly
despatched letters to his Amirs, and particularly to those of the Qasim, ex
plaining the urgent necessity of implicit obedience to and strict enforcement
of his orders—adding incidentally that he had entered into a solemn under
taking with the British Government in this respect, the advantages of which
to his own subjects would become apparent in due course.
Colonel Hamilton returned to Kuwait to make arrangements to give
effect to the policy thus agreed on and some little delay occurred in working
out the necessary details and removing the difficulties incidental to the estab
lishment of a blockade post at Kuwait; but, in due course, a blockade Officer
was appointed to that pest and everything was ready for the inception of a
scheme, destined, it was hoped, to complete the cordon shutting out the
enemy from all access to the markets of the outer world.
This was the position when I returned to Ibn Saud in April, 1918.
According to custom large caravans from the interior had taken advantage
of the spring season to go down to the coast to bring up supplies for the
summer. Towards the end of the month, disturbing reports began to come
through to the effect that all the caravans had been turned away empty in
circumstances calculated to cause alarm. It is not too much to say that the
whole of Najd_, suddenly faced with the prospect of spending the summer
without supplies, was in a ferment. The military precautions, including the
placing of machine guns on the roof of the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. 's residence at
Shuwaikh and the landing of a detachment of troops, taken to obviate the
occurrence of trouble in connection with the turning away of the caravans
were commonly interpreted as an act of hostility towards the people of Najd',
and Ibn Sand's policy of friendship with the British Government came in for
a good deal of unfavourable criticism.