Skip to item: of 631
Information about this record Back to top
Open in Universal viewer
Open in Mirador IIIF viewer

'File 73/7 I (D 19) Status of Kuwait & Baghdad Railway, and Anglo-Turkish negotiations 1911' [‎151r] (335/631)

The record is made up of 2 volumes (334 folios). It was created in 28 Jan 1911-19 Jan 1912. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

Transcription

This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.

Apply page layout

i litis bocoiaem. is th e'Property p.- H ig Britannic Majesty's Govenunent.]
EASTERN DEPARTMENT.
SECRET SERIES.
[March 15.]
Section 1.
[9557] N 0 . i.
Extract from the "Morning Post" of March 15, mi.— {Received at Foreign
Office, March 15, 1911.)
Bagdad Railway Question : French Government's Attitude.
[From a French Correspondent.]
J HE attitude of the trench Government towards the Bagdad Railway question
cannot be tlioroughly understood without a short historical retrospect. For a very
ioiig tune, in tact until the year 1902, French policy in respect of the Bagdad scheme
vsas rather unsteady. [he idea of connecting Asia Minor with the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , which
the German engineer, W. von Pressed launched iii 1871, could not appeal to France
more than to England, since all the previous English or French schemes had always
contemplated the linking of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of Mesopotamia with the echelles of
the Levant A geographical area corresponding to the region around the eastern Mediterranean Sea. ^ on the Mediterranean coast. Owing to the importance of French settle
ments in ^yria such a line as the Mediterranean-Bagdad Railway recommended in
1856 by Sir John MacNeilJ and General Chesney would have suited France much
betcer than the German plan. Still, it appeared from the first that the Turks them
selves would, tor strategical reasons, prefer the German scheme to the English one,
their main wish being to connect Constantinople with the remotest parts of their
Empire. i heretore the trench Government never offered a blind opposition to the
new enterprise, ' uriously enough,'it was a French company, the Compagnie Fives-Lille,
which constructed the first line from Haidar-Pacha to Ismid in 1871-73.
A new situation arose, however, when a German company secured in 1888 the
concession from Ismid to Angora with the promise of an ulterior extension towards
Bagdad. With a little more energy it was generally thought at the time that France
might have secured the concession for herself. But now the Deutsche Bank had the
railway and meant business. In 1893 the German rails reached Angora, and the
Anatolian company secured two more concessions—one from Angora to Kaisarieh,
which was left untouched ; the other from Eskisher to Konieh, which removed from
north to south the route to be followed by the future Bagdad line. A double menace
was thereby offered to French interests. First of all, the French lines in Asia Minor
were shut out from any extension towards the east or the south. Such was the case
with the line from Mudania to Brusa, and later on with the Smyrna—Kassaba line, after
the latter had been bought by French financiers from an English company. In the
second place, the Bagdad line was to take the Syrian route instead of crossing the
Kurdistan ; it was bound to injure the Mersina-Adana line, worked by an Anglo-
French company, and might prevent any further extension of the French lines in Syria.
Had England joined hands with France at that moment it might have been possible
to interfere in an efficient way with the somewhat ambitious schemes of the Germans.
Unfortunately, this was not the case. The French Ambassador in Constantinople
(then M. Paul Cambon) had to act alone. He therefore confined himself to asking for
a sufficient compensation. Owing to his successful efforts France secured not only the
railway from Damascus to Aleppo, including any future line which might connect that
railway with the coast, but she was allowed to extend the Damascus-Aleppo line as far
north as Birejik. Had the French financiers taken advantage of that very important
concession they would have found themselves in an exceptionally strong position when
the Bagdad line, after crossing the Taurus, would have found its route barred by a
French railway already in operation. It was not the French Ambassadors fault that
the construction of the Aleppo-Birejik Railway was not pushed in time, and that the
German company easily managed to take over that part of the concession in 1903.
It was only in 1902 that the policy of the French Government, in view of the
imminent agreement between the Turks and the Anatolian company, over the Bagdad
line, became definite Nobody failed to perceive then that a misunderstanding had
arisen between the French Foreign Office and the representatives of French interests
[1932 p—1]

About this item

Content

The volume contains correspondence, memorandums, and newspaper cuttings relating to a proposed Baghdad to Basra railway, an extension of the German Berlin to Baghdad Railway. Much of the correspondence has been forwarded to the Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. by the Foreign Department of the Government of India and is between Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Francis Bertie, British Ambassador to France, Louis Mallet, Assistant Under-secretary of State for Near and Middle Eastern Affairs, Charles Marling, British Ambassador to Persia, Arthur Nicolson, Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Henry Babington Smith, President of the National Bank of Turkey, Gerard Lowther, British Ambassador to Constantinople, Rifaat Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Edgar Speyer, railway financier, George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, Edward Goschen, British Ambassador to Berlin, Henry Cumberbatch, British Consul General in Turkey, George Barclay, British Minister to Persia, the Board of Trade, and William Graham Greene, Permanent Secretary to the Board of Admiralty. There is also correspondence between Percy Cox, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. at Bushire, Rear-Admiral Edmond Slade, Stuart Knox, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, and William Shakespear, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait.

The volume covers the discussions prior to formal negotiations between Britain and the Ottoman Turks brought about by the Baghdad Railway and its proposed extension to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . The issues and subjects involved are:

  • the proposed route of the railway;
  • control and ownership of the section between Baghdad and Basra;
  • location of the terminus, and who will control it, including Slade's report (ff. 64-74) on the suitability of Basra;
  • a proposed increase to customs duty in the region;
  • irrigation of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;
  • the contract to transport rail materials by the rivers;
  • the status of Kuwait, particularly regarding Turkish and British suzerainty and influence.

Throughout the volume there are newspaper cuttings from English periodicals that relate to the Baghdad Railway and negotiations around it.

Folio 47 is a rough sketch map of the peninsula Ras Tanurah. Folio 230 is a fold-out map of the proposed route of the railway and irrigation of the rivers.

Extent and format
2 volumes (334 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged chronologically. At the beginning (folios 2-5) is a subject index. It is in no particular order and organised under a few broad headings. The numbers refer to folio numbers of the secondary, earlier sequence.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The file consists of two volumes (parts one and two) and the foliation runs through both. The main foliation sequence commences at the title page of part one and terminates at the fifth folio from the back of part two; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be predominantly found in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. A second foliation sequence runs between ff. 8-291A; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. There are the following irregularities: 7 and 7A; 13 and 13A; 15 and 15A; 16, 16A and 16B; 17 and 17A; 18, 18A and 18B; 20, 20A and 20B; 21, 21A and 21B; 52, 52A, 52B, 52C; 53, 53A, 53B and 53C; 54, 54A, 54B and 54C; 55, 55A and 55B; 56, 56A and 56B; 57 and 57A; 290 and 290A.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
View the complete information for this record

Use and share this item

Share this item
Cite this item in your research

'File 73/7 I (D 19) Status of Kuwait & Baghdad Railway, and Anglo-Turkish negotiations 1911' [‎151r] (335/631), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/610, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023839675.0x000081> [accessed 25 December 2024]

Link to this item
Embed this item

Copy and paste the code below into your web page where you would like to embed the image.

<meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023839675.0x000081">'File 73/7 I (D 19) Status of Kuwait & Baghdad Railway, and Anglo-Turkish negotiations 1911' [&lrm;151r] (335/631)</a>
<a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023839675.0x000081">
	<img src="https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000193.0x000247/IOR_R_15_1_610_0334.jp2/full/!280,240/0/default.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
IIIF details

This record has a IIIF manifest available as follows. If you have a compatible viewer you can drag the icon to load it.https://www.qdl.qa/en/iiif/81055/vdc_100000000193.0x000247/manifestOpen in Universal viewerOpen in Mirador viewerMore options for embedding images

Use and reuse
Download this image