'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎329] (400/905)

CHAP. XIV.] DISTRICT OF KANKARl.
^ J 1 ® a f- an ', tlle first considerable stream westward of the Branches of the
• . Irmak, instead of receiving the S6ghanli-su and its B ^ n "
tributaries, as had been supposed, is merely formed by two
comparatively short branches. The western of these, the
ICojahnas Irmak, has two sources near the village of K6-
jahnas, and the trunk, 28 yards wide, which is formed by
their junction, runs through a deep alluvial soil at the rate
of two miles and a half per hour, with an ordinary depth
of six or eight feet, which is occasionally increased to 14 or
18 feet. 1 The O'rdeiri, the eastern and more considerable
branch, flows N.W. from the foot of the Durnah Yailasi, in
the district of Za'faran Boll; and from thence to the sea-port
of Bartan, a town of 650 houses, occupying the rich valley
of the Parthenius: 8 the trunk formed by this and the pre
ceding river is called the Su Chati.
The surface of the district of Angora, westward of the Features of
city, presents a succession of level tracts, scarcely broken by Angora '
low, barren, undulating hills, without timber or cultivation.
Towards the N.E. cultivation prevails from Angora to Hasan
O'ghlan; to this succeeds the district of Kankari, a cold upland
of gypsum, 3 interspersed with volcanic cones, such as Karajah
Weran 4 (Burnt Mountain), and some cultivated valleys. In
one of these is Yaprakli, which is celebrated for an annual
fair of seven days; and another, the vale of Tosiyah, is remark
able for its fields, gardens, and vineyards, which, as well as the
town itself, the ancient Decia, are watered by the Gok-sti
(Celestial stream). 5
The central part of the adjoining district of Kastamum is and the centre
occupied by the extensive upland formed by the Iflanis 0 f of ? astamuw -
Za'faran-Boli, and Kastamuni, together with those of
Dadahi and Saban Chilah, which lie to the N.E. of Mount
1 Mr. Ainsworth's Journey: Vol. IX. Part II., p. 232, of the Royal
Geographical Journal.
2 Ibid., and p. 242.
3 The gypsum of Galatia resembles that of Paris, and still more closely the
gypsum of Mesopotamia and Arabia.—Ibid., p. 267.
4 An extinct volcano, as large as that of Mount Etna.—Sestini's Journey
from Constantinople to Basrah, pp. 30 and 31.
s Ibid., p. 34.
VOL. I. 2 u