"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٩‎٨] (٤٧٤/١٨٤)

MEMOIR ON THE RUINS
of thickness was required, the way of building was
to form an interior of common brick or rubbish,
cased with a revetement of fine brick ; there are
traces in the ruins which justify this opinion ; and
in this manner the tower of Belus (which Herodo
tus calls wt/gyov (TTcgsor), the city walls, and other
buildings of that description, seem to have been
constructed.
We find two kinds of brick in Babylon, the one
burned in a kiln, the other simply dried in the sun.
I cannot refrain in this place from offering a few re
marks on Gen. xi. 3, where concerning the building
of Babel it is said nnn irtrnK TIDM
... j t * • • x t j •• •• v * : -
Tnrp on 1 ? rrn -iDnm mn^n nnb Mm nsifn
v t t t x . v t : t" ; - v t • ; — t • t ; ; •
Our translation is: " And they said one to another, Go
to, let us make brick and burn them thoroughly : and
they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mor
tar. This is incorrect. The Chaldee paraphrast has
ypb finb mn inaTi} rnb mm
According to BuxtorfF, and indeed the sense it still
bears in these parts, IQrr means cement, and
bitumen; so that the Vulgate is correct in saying:
Dixitque alter ad proximum suum, Venite, facia-
mus lateres et coquamus eos igni; habueruntque la-
teres pro saxis, et bitumen pro cemento." I have
not a Polyglot to consult, and therefore am not able
to trace the error in our version higher than to Lu
ther's German one. It is true Castell translates ion
limus, lutum, in Gen, xi. 3, and in Exod. ii. 3.
This is extraordinary ; for, of the two, the context of