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‘GAZETTEER OF PERSIA VOL. I Comprising the Provinces of ASTARÁBÁD, SHÁHRUD-BÚSTAN, KHÚRÁSÁN, AND SÍSTÁN’ [‎250r] (506/722)

The record is made up of 1 volume (384 folios). It was created in 1886-1895. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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likely to aspire to, the throne. It is also inflicted upon chiefs of tribes
whom it is desirable to deprive of power, without putting- them to death;
and instances occur, as has been related, where this punishment is inflicted
on the male inhabitants of a city that has rebelled, in order to strike terror
by a dreadful example. The common mode of putting criminals to death
in Persia is by strangling, by decapitation, or by stabbing; but in cases of
enormity, or where there is a desire to make an impression of terror, or to
gratify a passion of revenge, inventive cruelty endeavours to discover new
ways of adding to the sufferings of its victims. These are sometimes
doomed to have their existence terminated by protracted torture; at others,
are impaled, or have their limbs torn asunder by the elastic rebound of the
branches of trees that have been bent for the purpose. An instance has
been given of a barbarous chief associating the idea of a luxurious enjoy
ment with the horrors of the most cruel death by making a garden of his
enemies; and the history of Persia abounds with examples too shocking
to be related of tyrants glutting their vengeance, by subjecting their
enemies, before they granted them the mercy of death, to the most shame
less insults and horrid injuries.
In Persia women are seldom publicly executed; nor can their crimes,
from their condition in society, be often of a nature to demand such
examples. But they are exposed to all the violence and injustice of domestic
tyranny; and innocent females are too often included in the punishment
of their husbands and fathers, particularly where those are of high rank.
Instances frequently occur where women are tortured to make them reveal
the concealed wealth of which they are supposed to have a knowledge ; and
when a nobleman or minister is put to death, it is not unusual to give
away his wives and daughters as slaves, and sometimes (though rarely) they
are bestowed on the lowest classes in the community. This usage is defended
on the ground of the necessity of making terrible examples of men who
fill high stations; and it is argued that nothing is so likely to deter others
from equal guilt as the dread of having their families exposed to similar
dishonour. But no reasoning can reconcile our minds to a practice which
is at once infamous, inhuman, and unjust; and which marks, perhaps
beyond ail others that have been stated, the wanton atrocity of a despotic
and barbarous power.
The king nominates the 4 beglerbegs/ or governors of provinces, and
hakims, or governors of cities, who are not required, as a matter of course,
to be natives of the place of their government. Nor is it necessary that
the f darughah/or lieutenant of police, who acts immediately under the
hakim, or governor, should be so. But the ‘kalantar/ or chief magistrate of
the city, and the ‘ kad-khudas/ or magistrates of different wards, though
nominated by the king, must as necessarily be selected from the most
respectable natives of the city as the members of the corporation of any city
or town in England. Though these officers are not formally elected, we
may assert that the voice of the people always points them out; and it may
be furtherstated, that if the king should appoint a magistrate disagreeable
to the citizens, he could not perform his duties, which require that all the
weight he derives from personal consideration should aid the authority of
office. In small towns or villages the voice of the inhabitants in the
nomination of their kad-khuda, or head, is still more decided ; and if one
is named whom they do not approve, their incessant clamour produces either
his voluntary resignation or removal. These facts are important; for there

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Content

This volume is Volume I of the four-volume Gazetteer of Persia (1886 edition). It was compiled for political and military reference by Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Metcalfe MacGregor, Assistant Quarter Master General, in 1871, and brought up to 31 July 1885 by the Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General’s Department in India. It was printed by the Government Central Branch Press, Simla, India in 1886.

The areas of Persia [Iran] covered are Astarabad, Shahrud-Bustan, Khurasan [Khorāsān], and Sistan. The boundaries of the areas covered by Volume I are as follows: the Afghan border from the River Helmand to Sarakhs in the east; and from there a line north-west to Askhabad, due west to the Atrak, which it follows to the Caspian Sea; then along the sea coast to Ashurada Island; then in a straight line to Shahrud; and from the latter south-east to Tabas hill, Sihkuha, and the Helmand, from where the river first meets the south-east border of Sistan.

The gazetteer includes entries on human settlements and buildings (forts, hamlets, villages, towns, provinces, and districts); communications (passes, roads, bridges, canals, and halting places); tribes and religious sects; and physical features (rivers, streams, springs, wells, fords, valleys, mountains, hills, plains, and bays). Entries include information on history, geography, buildings, population, ethnography, resources, trade, agriculture, and climate.

Information sources are provided at the end of each gazetteer entry, in the form of an author or source’s surname, italicised and bracketed.

The volume includes the following illustrations: ‘VIEW OF AK-DARBAND.’ [Mss Eur F112/376, f 12v]; ‘PLAN OF AK-KALA.’ [Mss Eur F112/376, f 14]; ‘ROUGH SKETCH OF ASTARÁBÁD, FROM AN EYE-SKETCH BY LT.-COL. BERESFORD LOVETT, R. E., 1881.’ [Mss Eur F112/376, f 24]; ‘ROUGH PLAN OF BASHRÚGAH’ [Mss Eur F112/376, f 40v]; ‘ROUGH PLAN OF BÚJNÚRD’ [Mss Eur F112/376, f 48]; and ‘BUJNURD, FROM THE S. W.’ [Mss Eur F112/376, f 49v].

It also includes the following inserted papers (folios 51 to 60): a memorandum from the Office of the Quartermaster General in India, Intelligence Branch to Lord Curzon, dated 6 December 1895, forwarding for his information ‘Corrections to Volume I of the Gazetteer of Persia’, consisting of articles on the Nishapur district of the province of Khorasan, and the Shelag river.

Extent and format
1 volume (384 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged as follows from the front to the rear: title page; preface; list of authorities consulted; and entries listed in alphabetical order.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 388, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English in Latin script
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‘GAZETTEER OF PERSIA VOL. I Comprising the Provinces of ASTARÁBÁD, SHÁHRUD-BÚSTAN, KHÚRÁSÁN, AND SÍSTÁN’ [‎250r] (506/722), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F112/376, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100107690763.0x00006b> [accessed 20 March 2025]

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