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Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain' [491v] (995/1062)
The record is made up of 1 file in 3 parts (519 folios). It was created in 25 May 1934-23 Sep 1948. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
36
t* 'm i
A itch., XI,
No. vii.
227-9.
26.11.1927.
P. 5559/27.
P.
Undertakings secured from Ibn Saud in Treaty uf Jed.aa,
1927. Persian Protest.
138 The Treaty of Jedda, concluded on 20th May 1927,
between His Majesty’s Government and Ibn Sand, the ruler
of Saudi Arabia, in substitution for the Treaty of 19 •
fnaraoraph 133 above), provided inter aha mat Bis
Majesty ^he King of the Hedjaz and of isejd and its
Dependencies” should “maintain friendly and peaceful
relations with the territories of . . • Bahrein and with 11
Sheikhs of Qatar and the Oman Coast who are m specif
treaty relations with His Britannic Majesty s Government.
Consequent thereon, a strong protest was received on
26th November 1927 from the Persian Government, copies
of which were despatched to the League of .Nations, lie
Persian protest was based essentially on the recognition
stated to have been accorded to Persian sovereignty over
Bahrein in Lord Clarendons Lote ol 29th April 1869
(paragraph 85 above). A reasoned reply to the 1 ersian
Note was despatched by His Majesty’s Government on
18th January 1928, and circulated to the League. _ While
avoiding any definite statement as to theii ov r n position in
Bahrein or its basis, His Majesty’s Government m their Note
repudiated the Persian claim in the strongest terms, and
intimated that no argument such as was suggested could be
based on the communication of 29th April 1869.
Attitude of Sheikhs to Persian claim (1928).
139. The Sheikhs of Bahrein, on being apprised of the
revival of Persia’s claim, gave a letter to the Political
Resident, requesting His Majesty’s Government in accordance
P 1409/28. with their treaties “ to defend Bahrein from outside inter
ference ” and to act as their agents in rebutting the Persian
claims, and intimating that the Sheikhs proposed to send
Sheikh Mohamed, brother of Sheikh Hamad, the deputy
ruler, and son of the deposed ruler, Isa, as their representative
in answering the claim should the case be taken to Geneva.
Further Persian Protest, 2nd August 1928.
140. On the 2nd August 1928 the Persian Government
P. 4184/28. communicated a lengthy and reasoned reply to the British
Note of 18th January 1928. The Note based its reiteration
of the Persian claim on the principle that territory belonging
to a sovereign State could definitely be detached from that
State only with the consent of the State in question, which had
not been given in the case of Bahrein ; and alleged that the
terms of the Foreign Office Note of 29th April 1869 were con
clusive evidence of the view then held of the rights of Persia
by His Majesty’s Government; that Bahrein had consistently
recognised Persian sovereignty, as could be proved by
documentary evidence, up to the date when the Sheikhs were
instigated to rebellion by a foreign government; that no
valid argument could be founded on the direct relations into
which the Sheikhs had entered with His Majesty’s Govern
ment, since their action had been without the approval of
their suzerain ; that the relations of Bahrein with Persia
were more highly developed than with any other independent
civilised country; that the Persian claim had been con
sistently and uninterruptedly pressed ; and finally that even
if the Treaty of 1822 was disavowed by His Majesty’s-
Government, it was material evidence of the view held by
a British officer of great experience at the time of its con
clusion, and that its disavowal by the then Shah of Persia
was not because of any doubt on his part as to the true
status of Bahrein.
P. 1640/29. 141. A reasoned reply, which examined in detail the
arguments put forward by the Persian Government and
reached the conclusion that they w r ere without substance,
was despatched and circulated to the League at the request,
of His Majesty’s Government on 18th February 1929.
About this item
- Content
The file concerns the claim of the Government of Iran (generally referred to as the Government of Persia) to territorial sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain].
The papers include: the Iranian claim in the light of the Bahrain oil concession; representations by the Government of Iran to the League of Nations, and the involvement of League in the dispute; summary of diplomatic correspondence, 1927-29 (folios 506-511); India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 14 July 1934 - a historical summary of the political status of Bahrain, and Persian claims to sovereignty; the submission of the question by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. to the Law Officers of the Crown, 1934 (folios 466-472), and the report of the Law Officers of the Crown (folios 400-403), stating their opinion that Persia had no rights of sovereignty or suzerainty over Bahrain; the view of the Foreign Office (subsequently adopted) that references in public pronouncements to the independence of Bahrain needed to be qualified by the statement that the ruler was 'in special treaty relations with His Majesty's Government' (folios 378-380); the status of Tamb and Abu Musa (folio 361); the imposition of Iranian import duty on aviation oil supplied to Bahrain (folios 315-316); the views of the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. on the dangers of submitting the question to international arbitration (folios 308-314); similarities to the dispute between the United States of America (USA) and the Netherlands over Palmas Island [Miangas or Palmas, Indonesia] (e.g. folios 306-307); the views of the Government of Saudi Arabia (folios 268-270); the issue of passports and visas; transcripts of articles in support of the Iranian position in the Iranian and Arabic language press; the effect of the Bahrain nationality and property laws; Italian propaganda in support of the Iranian claim (folio 243); comparison with the Falkland Islands (folio 210); the refusal of the Iranian postal authorities to accept mails from Bahrain (folio 186); the involvement of the United Nations Organisation; Foreign Office 'Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 13 January 1947, substantially based on the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' of 1934 (folios 97-126); Soviet propaganda over Bahrain (folio 57); the presence in Tehran of a person claiming to represent the Bahrain National Party (folios 50-54); and correspondence dated 1948 concerning the size and position of the Persian community in Bahrain, including a letter on the subject from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (folios 25-37).
The file contains significant correspondence from the Foreign Office, HM Minister, Tehran (later the British Ambassador to Tehran), and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
The French language content of the file consists of approximately thirty folios of diplomatic correspondence and newspaper extracts.
The file also contains copies of earlier correspondence, dated 1927-31.
The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.
- Extent and format
- 1 file in 3 parts (519 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: this file consists of three physical parts. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of part one with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover of part three with 525; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-524; these numbers are printed, but are not circled.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain' [491v] (995/1062), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3810, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100059426987.0x0000c4> [accessed 31 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/12/3810
- Title
- Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:29v, 38r:50v, 53r:117v, 118v, 121v:122v, 126r:149v, 152r:166v, 169v:177v, back-i, front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 180r:197v, 199r:209v, 210v, 211v:221v, 223r:227v, 230r:231v, 233v:234v, 235v, 235r, 236r:238v, 240r:240v, 242r:245v, 247r:248v, 250r:251v, 255r:257v, 262r:272v, 274r:276v, 280r:280v, 282v:294v, 295v:345v, 348r:350v, back-i, front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 353r:374v, 378r:394v, 396r:424v, 427r:427v, 428v, 431v:433v, 440r:443v, 445r:446v, 448r:450v, 452r:454v, 457r:494r, 496r:501v, 509v:513v, 515r:518v, 520r:524v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence