'Reconnaissances in Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, North-West Persia, and Luristan from April to October 1888. By Lt F R Maunsell, Intelligence Branch. In Two Volumes. Volume I: narrative report, description of larger towns and routes leading from them. Simla: Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General's Dept, 1890' [‎149v] (303/312)

Ahmedawand or Hamawancl. —There are some 200 families of this tribe scat'
tered in the villages round Karmanshah [see Sulaimaniah).
Sunguru and Kuliai. —These are two sedentary tribes of Kurds, numbering
some 2,500 families, living in the country north of Karmanshah, along the route
to Sihna, in the plains round Kamiran and Kaklassan. A large number of the
Kuliai live round the head waters of the Gravvara river.
Nan-i-Khali. —These are a tribe of Kurds, sedentary for the most part, who
live from 3 to 7 farsakhs west of Karmanshah in the Mahidasht plain.
They number some 300 houses, but are much cut up and separated into
small portions.
Jeiilawand. —These are a sedentary tribe of 400 houses in the direction of
Bisitun, east of Karmanshah.
Maji, ChubanJcera Ghazil .—These tribes are all sedentary, and number some
400 houses in the districts immediately round Karmanshah.
Hululan are a large tribe of Lurs living in the mountainous districts south
east of Karmanshah, along the upper waters of the Karkhah. They number
about 4,000 tents. Many of the Lur tribes and subdivisions mentioned by
Layard have since disappeared.
Akhur. —These live to the south-east of Hassanabad and the Yardalan
Kuh {see Route II), and number about 1,000 tents
Routes from Karmanshali.
Karmanshah is situated on the main trade route from Baghdad to Rama
dan and Tihran (Routes in Persia, Nos. 384, 197, and Route III).
Baghdad is 210 miles, Ramadan 103 miles, and Tihran 290 miles distant
by this route.
Direct to Baghdad through Mendali is 177 miles (Route I).
From Karmanshah to Kut-T-Amara, and down the Karkhah valley to Dizful,
is already described {see Route II). Through Hulilan is an alternative route
to this joining the Chardowar valley. This is not used at all by caravans.
Another route to Dizful used by caravans passing through Khorramabad
is as follows :
( 1 ) Hajiabad.
(2) Harsin.
(3) Aulad Gobad.
(4) Cavah.
(5) Alisbtar.
(6) Robat.
(7) Kborramabad.
( 8 ) Barufta.
( 9) Ab-i-Sert.
(10) Bad-i-Mak.
(11) Cham-i-Walikban.
(12) Cham-i-Gaz.
(13) Pal-i-Zab.
(14) Hussainiyeb.
(15) Belarud.
(16) Dizful.
This is said to be a fairly easy mule track as far as Khorramabad. From
there to the Kerkhah valley is rough mountainous country.
There is no direct caravan route through Zangawan to Dizful. This is
more because of the lawlessness of some of the tribes than any great natural
difficulties {see Route II).