'Reconnaissances in Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, North-West Persia, and Luristan from April to October 1888. By Lt F R Maunsell, Intelligence Branch. In Two Volumes. Volume I: narrative report, description of larger towns and routes leading from them. Simla: Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General's Dept, 1890' [‎18v] (41/312)

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Balak district; and on the left bank the Karachoran^from the Kurkur Daodr
and Azmir Dagh (Koute Vli). “ ^
W , F w m e M ^f i T/ PaSSeS th 1 V0U ^ h several narrow valleys, taking a course
W.b W. to Altun Keupri, where it receives a tributary from the direction of
Jvoi oancljak, and thence across the desert to the Tigris.
On the Tigris, a little way below the junction, are some small rapids called
Kelab. 1 he river now bends eastward of south between Tel Truliyah on the
islands & Jeb ° Ur ° n tlle Westj P reservin g its width, and forming several
there are several sulphur and naphtha springs on the left bank
1 he plain on either bank is perfectly level, and from Tikrit to Baghdad the
stieam is wide without any obstructions, and the current slow. There are the
lemains of numerous canals on either bank.
Adhim River.
C T S u l l ""i 168 f ast T rd fr ° m the o]d Du i ila canal the river
makefe a deep double bend, and at the eastern extremity it receives the river
Adhim a large tributary on the left bank. The main trunk of the Adhim
^kL and ^'aTs^^ th * Kara ^ h receives other tributaries, th"
iauk-bu and the Ak-bu from the S.E. end of the same range.
Ihe course of the Adhim continues south through the Hamrin bilk nf
he foot of which are the remains of a remarkable bmd I^tL dry eason
there is very little, if any, water in the lower portion of the river! 7
Diala River.
The Diala river enters the Tigris 19 miW KnUr., lj -i ,
in Persia, where for the upper part of its course it is 1 b . ut rises
Sirwan. It rises ou the north side of the Kuh i ^ ^ Ab ''"
Ramadan, and first flows nearly due west bv Si'- '’e ’ 4 m,Ies west o£
the Shahu and Avroman hills, from whlnee i/Jo ^ ? Wmds throu 8 h
the right bank the KhanjbuUlt:Tflbr'CCtdl^’- 0 "
and Rowansir. Its course to the dWis is south i f 4 h ’? m Gavarra
Khauikin it receives a large tributary, the’Ahvand, froTtbe S-fNua Kuh"
General Remarks on the Tigris Navigation.
i he navigation of the Tigris for laro-e nflo
continued to Baghdad, below which native saili^eraft ^ P iarbekr ^ antl is
are used. tuning ciatt and river steamers
Bafts never ascend the river Thownrari n • i
and sold, and the owners return overland * Baft? ^ Ua ,^ e ’ fcbe y are broken up
■ug to the use they are iuteoded for, and varv fromTo "to SnTf. S '' ZeS ’
They are made of two layers crosswise of troo t V d0 ° skins -
neatlif^ " 8 ° ^
A raft of 150 skins measures 26 by 16 feet nnrl ; •
about 3 feet, are tied “cross wise thick ptcraij'' Kl a,0 " S ' the 0, rterend, for
18 inches broad. They are used child v for ste. 0r T” g 3 rec to“gle about
emg the same as the current down which it drifts 0 ^ ^ Speed tiie raft