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'A handbook of Syria (including Palestine). London: Naval Staff Intelligence Department, June 1919' [82r] (168/738)
The record is made up of 1 volume (365 folios). It was created in 1919. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
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SYRIA UNDER THE OTTOMAN TURKS 157
generally referred to as Daher or Taher, was early in the
century an Arab chief whose principal village was Safed.
Having seized Tiberias he carried on war with the pashas of
Damascus, just as Tancred had done with their predecessors
in the crusading period. In 1749 he seized ‘Akka from
a subordinate of the
pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
of Saida and established himself
in it. He restored somewhat the defences of the city,
attracted a population by his good government, increased his
power by treaties with Arab tribes and with the Metawileh,
and thus became strong enough to wage war with Damascus
on equal terms. When he allied himself with the Egyptian
ruler £ Ali Beg (1770-3), and obtained the help of Russian
ships (1772-3), there was a prospect of his becoming master
of all southern Syria. But the death of ‘Ali Beg (1773) and
the peace between Turkey and Russia (1774) and quarrels
with his own sons resulted in his defeat and death (1775).
His successor in ‘Akka was Ahmed el-Jezzar. He was a
Bosnian by birth, had been a slave of the Egyptian Begs,
and had recently won a military reputation in Syria. Adven
turers flocked to his service, and his pashalik extended till it
included the coast from Beirut to Qaisariyeh, along with
northern Palestine and the Biqa‘. His efforts to gain the
pashalik of Damascus were not permanently successful, but
he was the most powerful ruler in Syria, and by fortifying
‘Akka (from 1786 onwards) made it the strongest town on
the coast. The Ottoman Government would have dispossessed
him more than once if they had been able. \ et when
Napoleon invaded Syria they appointed him at once chief
commander of their forces.
The invasion of Napoleon
Napoleon’s invasion of Syria in 1799 was primarily a defen
sive measure. The French in Egypt were threatened by an
invasion from the sea, where the English fleet under Sir
Sidney Smith was supreme, and overland by a Turkish army
which was reported to be assembling in Syria. Napoleon
resolved to disperse the Turkish forces in Syria and to take
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Admiralty handbook regarding Syria (including Palestine) 'to as far north as the River Orontes and a line Antioch-Aleppo-Meskeneh. For details of the part of Syria beyond this line reference must be made to the Handbook of Asia Minor , Vol. iv, Part 2 (C.B. 847 C).'
'Contents. Chapters:
- I. Boundaries and Physical Survey, p 9 (folio 7)
- II. Climate, p 24 (folio 14v)
- III. Minerals, Flora and Fauna, p 93 (folio 50)
- IV. Military History, p 109 (folio 58)
- V. Inhabitants, p 175 (folio 91)
- VI. Turkish Administration, p 236 (folio 121v)
- VII. Agriculture, p 252 (folio 129v)
- VIII. Industry and Trade, p 276 (folio 141v)
- IX. Currency, Weights and Measures, p 318 (folio 162v)
- X. Jebel Ansarīyeh, p 325 (folio 166)
- XI. Country East of Jebel Ansarīyeh, p 344 (folio 175v)
- XII. Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon, and Damascus Plain, p 357 (folio 182)
- XIII. River Systems of Northern Syria, p 395 (folio 201)
- XIV. Judea and the Southern Desert, p 427 (folio 217)
- XV. Samaria (including Carmel), p 472 (folio 239v)
- XVI. Galilee, p 515 (folio 261)
- XVII. Haurān and Jaulān, p 556 (folio 281v)
- XVIII. 'Ajlūn and Northern Belqa, p 580 (folio 293v)
- XIX. Southern Belqa and Ardh el-Kerak, p 612 (folio 309v)
- XX. El-Jibāl and Esh-Shera, p 636 (folio 321v)
- XXI. The Ghōr (Jordan and the Dead Sea); and Wādi 'Arabah, p 645 (folio 326)
- Appendix: Conventional Spellings, p 668 (folio 337v)
- Index, p 669 (folio 338)
- Plates, p 725' [missing]
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (365 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume contains a contents page (folio 6) and an index (folios 338-365).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 367; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence. The volume originally contained fourteen plates showing maps, bound into the back of the volume. These are now missing; details of the plates can be found at folio 5v.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/16/15
- Title
- 'A handbook of Syria (including Palestine). London: Naval Staff Intelligence Department, June 1919'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:366v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence