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'A handbook of Syria (including Palestine). London: Naval Staff Intelligence Department, June 1919' [65v] (135/738)
The record is made up of 1 volume (365 folios). It was created in 1919. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
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124
MILITARY HISTORY
captured after a five months’ siege (37 b. c.). The resistance
which it then offered to Roman troops is an evidence of its
strength as a fortified place.
Of all the Syrian peoples the Jews were the most turbulent,
from the Roman point of view. Their religious susceptibilities
induced friction and revolt. Two rebellions were specially
serious and were not easily suppressed. The principal event
of the first (a. d. 66-73) was the siege of Jerusalem for five
months (a.d. 70). Even its capture did not end the war.
Small Jewish garrisons held strongly fortified castles which
had to be reduced one by one. The second revolt did not
last so long (a.d. 132-5). Jerusalem was no longer capable
of defence. Still the Jews made a stubborn resistance else-
where. After their defeat Jerusalem became a Roman colony,
Aelia Capitolina, subordinate to Caesarea, the capital of
Palestine. The Jews were no longer allowed to reside in
their ancient capital. Another people who gave the Romans
trouble were the Nabateans. Their kingdom was destroyed
in a. d. 106.
In the third century (a. d.) the chief Syrian state was the
new kingdom of Palmyra, a Hellenistic city with a large
Arab population and Arab rulers. An attempt by Queen
Zenobia to make herself independent was crushed by the
Emperor Aurelian (272-3). He entered Syria by the Beilan
pass and followed Zenobia as she retired from Antioch to
Homs. Having defeated and dispersed her army there,
Aurelian proceeded to the siege of Palmyra. Under pressure
of a prolonged siege Zenobia left the city hoping to get
reinforcements in Parthia. Her capture on the way was
followed by the submission of her people.
From the third century onwards the chief rival of the
Romans in the east was a revived kingdom of Persia. After
the transformation of the Roman empire into the Byzantine
empire, with its capital at Constantinople, the rivals Avere not
unequally matched. In the sixth century Syria began to
suffer from Persian invaders. In a. d. 540 the town of
Antioch was sacked and in 571 Apamea. Finally in the
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Admiralty handbook regarding Syria (including Palestine) 'to as far north as the River Orontes and a line Antioch-Aleppo-Meskeneh. For details of the part of Syria beyond this line reference must be made to the Handbook of Asia Minor , Vol. iv, Part 2 (C.B. 847 C).'
'Contents. Chapters:
- I. Boundaries and Physical Survey, p 9 (folio 7)
- II. Climate, p 24 (folio 14v)
- III. Minerals, Flora and Fauna, p 93 (folio 50)
- IV. Military History, p 109 (folio 58)
- V. Inhabitants, p 175 (folio 91)
- VI. Turkish Administration, p 236 (folio 121v)
- VII. Agriculture, p 252 (folio 129v)
- VIII. Industry and Trade, p 276 (folio 141v)
- IX. Currency, Weights and Measures, p 318 (folio 162v)
- X. Jebel Ansarīyeh, p 325 (folio 166)
- XI. Country East of Jebel Ansarīyeh, p 344 (folio 175v)
- XII. Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon, and Damascus Plain, p 357 (folio 182)
- XIII. River Systems of Northern Syria, p 395 (folio 201)
- XIV. Judea and the Southern Desert, p 427 (folio 217)
- XV. Samaria (including Carmel), p 472 (folio 239v)
- XVI. Galilee, p 515 (folio 261)
- XVII. Haurān and Jaulān, p 556 (folio 281v)
- XVIII. 'Ajlūn and Northern Belqa, p 580 (folio 293v)
- XIX. Southern Belqa and Ardh el-Kerak, p 612 (folio 309v)
- XX. El-Jibāl and Esh-Shera, p 636 (folio 321v)
- XXI. The Ghōr (Jordan and the Dead Sea); and Wādi 'Arabah, p 645 (folio 326)
- Appendix: Conventional Spellings, p 668 (folio 337v)
- Index, p 669 (folio 338)
- Plates, p 725' [missing]
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (365 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume contains a contents page (folio 6) and an index (folios 338-365).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 367; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence. The volume originally contained fourteen plates showing maps, bound into the back of the volume. These are now missing; details of the plates can be found at folio 5v.
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- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/16/15
- Title
- 'A handbook of Syria (including Palestine). London: Naval Staff Intelligence Department, June 1919'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:366v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence