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‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’ [33r] (65/82)
The record is made up of 1 file (41 folios, 5 maps). It was created in 3 Apr 1912. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
55
APPENDIX (D).
Rough Notes mode by General William Monteith, when in Persia, on the ironlier oj lurkey
and Persia.
[These notes were commnuicated to tlie Foreign Office by the author in a letter dated
the 18th February, 1843, and were written during the period of his employment
in connection with the Turco-Persian and Russo-Persian boundary questions,
previous to his departure from Persia in 1829.]
SINCE the cession of the provinces of Erivan and Naktchivan (Treaty of the
22nd February, 1828), the northern frontier is very considerably diminished and
admits easier adjustment with Persia, Russia having succeeded to the claims and
disputes in this direction when the Treaty of Erzeroum (LS22/1823) was concluded
by Mirza Mohammed Ali, one of the Ministers of Abbas Mirza, who was then Heir
Apparent and entrusted by his father, the late King, with the general direction of
the negotiations.
2. It was then agreed that the treaty concluded by Nadir Shah (17-16), which was
based on that of Shah Ismail, # should decide the limits of the respective Empires. But
as neither State, if they possessed the document in question, were willing to produce it
recourse was had to grants made to the chiefs of tribes and districts to whom the
charge of the frontier had been entrusted, and if these documents could have been
relied on they would have afforded the fullest and most minute information,
comprehending the fields and springs belonging to each tribe and district. The few
that were produced tended to prove that the greater part of the frontier lands had
been granted in "teul" or personal service, the holders of which were obliged to
maintain order, and protect travellers and caravans within their respective limits.
3. The Kurdish tribes within the Turkish frontier, being decidedly the most
powerful, gradually encroached on the Persian lands during the civil wars which so
long continued in Persia. From the accession of Agha Mohammed Khan (1794) and the
union of the different provinces of Persia under one Government, it became much
superior to the pashaliks of Erzeroum and Bagdad, as the Government of Constantinople
left them almost entirely to their own resources.
On the conclusion of the Russian war by the Treaty of Gulistan (the 21th October,
1813), both Abbas Mirza and his brother, Mohammed Ali Mirza (the latter took less
part in the Russian war and earlier began to dispute with the
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
of Bagdad),
reoccupied all that was considered belonging to Persia, and followed far within the
Turkish territory the tribes who had committed depredations on Persia. Turkey still
continued to treat with indifference these disputes, though almost every expedition
turned to their disadvantage.
The districts of Kotur, Chareh Derik, Tergavar, and Mergavar, on the frontiers
of Khoi and Urumia, were undoubtedly within the Persian limits, but for a long
period had been held by Kurdish begs, who not only refused submission but made
constant irruptions on the Persian villages. These castles were quickly captured by
the regular troops of Persia, but hostilities were continued by the Kurds on the frontier,
which led to Abbas Mirza's invasion of Turkey (1821) and occupation of the whole
country between the Lake of Van and the range of Ararat. In the following year,
the
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
of Erzeroum, having received some reinforcements from Constantinople
and assembled the whole force of his own Government, was totally routed near
Zohrab Kulla, and Abbas Mirza was only prevented marching to Erzeroum by the
cholera breaking out in his army and its consequent dispersion. Peace was concluded
the following year (i e., 1823), and, as before mentioned, the frontier settled on the
same conditions as by Nadir Shah. The only doubtful part of the Azerbaijan frontier
with which I am more particularly acquainted are the precise limits of Maku and
* Shah Ismail was proclaimed Shah in 1499 and died in 1523. Nadir Shah's Treaty of 1746 was based
on Sultan Murad's Treaty of 1G39.
About this item
- Content
The memorandum concerns the border between Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Turkey, and was prepared by Alwyn Parker of the Foreign Office. There are a number of labels at the top of the first page: ‘Persia’, ‘Confidential’ and ‘Section 10’. The memorandum sections are as follows:
- Part I. A preface (folios 1-5), introducing the points at issue, with two maps, the first being a sketch map of the Mohammerah district, with the proposed Turkish, Persian and mediating commissioner’s lines indicated (folio 2), and a map compiled from plane table surveys by Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson in 1909, with the frontier as defined by the mediating commissioners in 1850 (folio 4);
- Part II. An historical summary (folios 6-19) of British Government correspondence relating to the border dispute, with the chief focus being on correspondence exchanged during the period 1843-52, around the time of the Treaty of Erzeroum (c.1848). This part contains two copies of a map, a facsimile of a diagram of the disputed area, the original of which was enclosed by Colonel Williams in his despatch of 4 February 1850, indicating Turkish and Persian claims and the mediating commissioner’s proposal (folios 15, 19);
- Part III. Conclusion (folios 20-28), with a further map (folio 23), an exact copy of that found on folio 4.
The appendices that follow are:
- A: British assurances given to the Shaikh of Mohammerah, 1899 and 1902-10;
- B. Protocol of December 1911 (in French) for the proposal settlement of the Turco-Persian frontier question;
- C. An extract from Sir Austen Henry Layard’s Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia , published in 1887. The extract is from volume 2, pp 431-439;
- D. Rough notes made by General William Monteith when in Persia, on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, as communicated to the Foreign Office in 1843;
- E. Observations by Sir Henry Rawlinson on a Persian memorandum relative to the situation of the cities of Mohammerah and Fellahiah [Fallāḥīyah], 1844;
- F. Text of the Treaty of Erzeroum, 31 May 1847, in English and French translation;
- G. Copy of a despatch from Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador to Istanbul, to Lord Palmerston, Foreign Secretary, dated 30 May 1850;
- H. Copy of a despatch from Lord Palmerston to Lord Broomfield, dated 12 July 1850.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (41 folios, 5 maps)
- Arrangement
The memorandum is arranged into three parts, labelled I, II and III, which are followed by eight lettered appendices, A-H. Historic correspondence referred to in the memorandum is referenced in the inside page margin.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/18/B380
- Title
- ‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’
- Pages
- 1r:1v, 3r:14v, 16r:18v, 20r:30v, 33r:41v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence