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‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’ [9v] (18/82)
The record is made up of 1 file (41 folios, 5 maps). It was created in 3 Apr 1912. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
Chaab, in accordance "with the old fashion of
annual investiture.
Major Rawlinson, in commenting on these
claims, observes that to him, ever since the death
of Sheikh Salman (1768), the Chaab appeared to
have been virtually independent of Turkey, and
that the notion of the indefeasibility of their
allegiance to that Power seemed an invention of
late vears. When the Chaab had interfered with
the Turkish territory on the Shatt-el-Arab, they
did so either as conquerors or as purchasers of
the freehold right or leasehold tenure. None of
the relations which they thus bore to the Turkish
Government, as occupants of the banks of the
Shatt-el-Arab, appeared to indicate their national
dependency. " On the contrary" he continues,
in a passage which, desiring to emphasise for
reference, I have caused to be printed in italics,
" as they have continued almost uninterruptedly to
pay to the Government of Bussorah (i.e., Turkey)
the rent of the lauds of Haffar and Tamar above
Mohammerahy which they obtained by a grant from
Suleiman
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
of Bagdad, while they have long
ceased all other payments " [i.e., for land on the
left (east) bank of the Shatt-el-Arab J, "the pre
sumption is that they have considered themselves
liable for these lands only, and that they must have
thus regarded themselves in the light of foreigners
holding Turkish property, either in farm or by right
of occupuncy.''*
Major Eawlinson considered that the relation
which the Chaab had borne to Turkey since
Sheikh Salman's death, to times comparatively
modern {i.e., when he wrote in 1844), so far from
being one of protection and dependency, had been
marked by open and almost constant hostility.
That the Chaab were Turkish subjects at the
period of Sultan Murad's treaty of 1639, which
was still supposed, in its definition of the terri
torial rights of either Tower, to be in force in
1844, was a point beyond question; that the
tribe had been virtually independent of Turkey
for a hundred years was equally a matter of
notoriety.
I now pass to the actual town of Moham- Major Rawlinson's
, i • t j. • • «i m-u rM, i Memorandum of
merah and its immediate vicinity. The Uiaab j anuary e, 1844,
had gradually colonised the left (east) bank of on Mohammerah,
0 , „ . and his comments
the Shatt-el-Arab as far up as Girdelan; but on a Persian
towards the beginning of the nineteenth eentury ^XmrnerT (Tee
the ruling Sheikh gradually withdrew, remaining enclosures in
in occupation of nothing higher up the Shatt-el- CaVnhi^No. 155
of July 18, 1844).
About this item
- Content
The memorandum concerns the border between Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Turkey, and was prepared by Alwyn Parker of the Foreign Office. There are a number of labels at the top of the first page: ‘Persia’, ‘Confidential’ and ‘Section 10’. The memorandum sections are as follows:
- Part I. A preface (folios 1-5), introducing the points at issue, with two maps, the first being a sketch map of the Mohammerah district, with the proposed Turkish, Persian and mediating commissioner’s lines indicated (folio 2), and a map compiled from plane table surveys by Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson in 1909, with the frontier as defined by the mediating commissioners in 1850 (folio 4);
- Part II. An historical summary (folios 6-19) of British Government correspondence relating to the border dispute, with the chief focus being on correspondence exchanged during the period 1843-52, around the time of the Treaty of Erzeroum (c.1848). This part contains two copies of a map, a facsimile of a diagram of the disputed area, the original of which was enclosed by Colonel Williams in his despatch of 4 February 1850, indicating Turkish and Persian claims and the mediating commissioner’s proposal (folios 15, 19);
- Part III. Conclusion (folios 20-28), with a further map (folio 23), an exact copy of that found on folio 4.
The appendices that follow are:
- A: British assurances given to the Shaikh of Mohammerah, 1899 and 1902-10;
- B. Protocol of December 1911 (in French) for the proposal settlement of the Turco-Persian frontier question;
- C. An extract from Sir Austen Henry Layard’s Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia , published in 1887. The extract is from volume 2, pp 431-439;
- D. Rough notes made by General William Monteith when in Persia, on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, as communicated to the Foreign Office in 1843;
- E. Observations by Sir Henry Rawlinson on a Persian memorandum relative to the situation of the cities of Mohammerah and Fellahiah [Fallāḥīyah], 1844;
- F. Text of the Treaty of Erzeroum, 31 May 1847, in English and French translation;
- G. Copy of a despatch from Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador to Istanbul, to Lord Palmerston, Foreign Secretary, dated 30 May 1850;
- H. Copy of a despatch from Lord Palmerston to Lord Broomfield, dated 12 July 1850.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (41 folios, 5 maps)
- Arrangement
The memorandum is arranged into three parts, labelled I, II and III, which are followed by eight lettered appendices, A-H. Historic correspondence referred to in the memorandum is referenced in the inside page margin.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’ [9v] (18/82), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B380, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100024051501.0x000013> [accessed 24 November 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/18/B380
- Title
- ‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’
- Pages
- 1r:1v, 3r:14v, 16r:18v, 20r:30v, 33r:41v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence