"دليل كرمانشاه." [ظ‎‎١‎٣‎٠] (٥٠٤/٢٦٥)

170
The landowners have the following revenues : —
On “ abi ° land one-third, sometimes one-fourth, of the harvest.
On “ daim ^ land one-hfth of the harvest^
The landowners only supply the land and water, cattle and labour being
furnished by the villagers. Proprietors also get a further 6 per cent on the
portion of the harvest belonging to the villagers, they also get small per
quisites on no definite scale, which vary according to agreement between
villagers and proprietors. Some of the usual charges are on one pair of oxen
or Sar juft:
1 toman and 2 or 3 loads of fuel or straw, or
1 mann rogan and 5 krans, or
1 lamb and 5 krans.
Sometimes the perquisite is as small as 2 krans and 1 fowl, or J mann
rogan.
Villagers have also to supply labour free of charge, when their masters
are building.
When the landowner, over and above land and water, supplies seed and.
oxen, the villagers only get one-fourth of the harvest. For gardens one-third
of the produce goes to the proprietors.
Most of the villages are inhabited by Lurs or Kurds, a Turkish popula
tion is to be found at Sungor and in the village of Tavalabi, at the foot of
the Parau Mountain.
The province of Kermanshah is divided into 19 buluks or districts, which
are as follows Kermanshah, Vastam, Mian Darbend or Bilavar, Push
Parbend or Bala Darbend, Dinavar, Kuliai, £ahna, Kangavar, Assadabad,
Hersin. Chamchamal, Dnru Faraman, Mahidasht, Harunabad, Guran,
Kerind, Zohab, Aivan and Huleilan.
For part of the following, I am greatly indebted to Dr. Oskar Mann,
who not only very kindly collected all the information he could, but also
verified on the spot the various information already in my possession.
Other friends have helped me, but they prefer their names not to be
mentioned.
Buluk of Kermanshah .—The district of which the town of Kerman
shah is the centre.
The country, situated between half a farsakh and about 2 farsakhs from
the town, is known as the Baladeh ; and is under the authority of Mah-
mood Khan, chief of the Government grain stores. The Baladeh is said
to contain some 20 villages and hamlets.
The gorge to the south of Kermanshah, which is covered with gardens,
is known as the Sarah; and is divided into Sarah Said, Sarah Hemmeteh
and Sarah Kambar.
Sarah numbers 500 families, under the jurisdiction of Sherif Khan,
A min-ul- Mamalek.
The villagers of the Kermanshah district have no pasture land, but give
their cattle to Chupankeras, or the shepherd familes cf some of the tribes,
to be taken to the pasture lands of the Hulailanis, for which a rent is
paid.