"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٢‎٨‎٩] (٤٧٤/٤٣٢)

NO. II.] APPENDIX. 289
mouth thereof when he sailed up to Babylon to meet Alex-
ander."
See Arrian, lib. vii. cap. 19.
" Then he (Alexander) committed the best part of his
forces to Hephsestion's care.to conduct them to the Persian
Gulf, while he, going on board his fleet, which lay ready at
Susa, with his targeteers and A and some part of his
auxiliary horse, sailed down the river Eulseus to the sea;
and when he was now not far from the mouth thereof, leaving
there those ships which were shattered and out of order,
he, with the best of them, sailed out to the ocean, and then
entered the mouth of the river Tigris, the rest of the fleet
passing through a canal drawn from thence to the Tigris;
for, of the two rivers, Tigris and Euphrates, which enclose
Assyria and give it the name of Mesopotamia, the channel
of the Tigris, lying much lower, receives the water of the
latter by many trenches, and, several streams also falling
into its own bosom, it becomes a great river before it gh es
into the Persian Gulf, insomuch that it is everywhere im
passable by a ford; for it spreads not out in breadth, so as
to diminish its depth, the lands on both sides being muc
higher than the water; and it is not dispersed through other
channels, nor conveyed into other rivers, but takes them
^ But the Euphrates glides along a much higher channel,
and is in many places of equal height with the lands on
each side, so that several streams are cut rom i (so
constant ones), which supply the inhabitants with wa^;
others only occasional, when the neighbouring countries
happen Jbe parched up with ^ght (fo~ldom
tall in th». pari.) i "hence .t happens ^ ^ ^
at all its entrances into the ocean
easily fordable. y