"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎١‎٢‎٣] (٤٧٤/٢١١)

ANCIENT BABYLON.
123
the courses of streams than fallen ruins.* More will
be said respecting this ancient river-bed in the
sequel.
Admitting, then, so probable a change, I shall
beg leave to consider the mound that lies immediate
ly to the north-east of the Kasr as the remains of the
lesser palace, which was separated from the other
only by the river and bridge. The space indeed be
tween the two mounds is at present not much more
than two-thirds of the breadth of the Euphrates (as
given by Mr. Rich at 150 yards, page 53), but may
have been reduced by the just mentioned accidents.^
The direction of the opening is also favourable to the
supposition of a change.
Mr. Rich has either not yet examined or has not
prepared any account of this north-eastern mound.
To judge from the Plan, it seems as if it were flatter
or less prominent than the others, as if the materials
were more decomposed from time. The only circum
stance given, that applies to any part of it, is the
following, which respects a vast mass lying in a
line with, and at the northern termination of, one of
the two long mounds before mentioned, and which
Mr. Rich appears to regard as a portion of it:—He
calls it (page 60) " a high heap of rubbish of a
" curious red colour, nearly 300 yards long and 100
^ Signer Balbi, in his navigation down the Euphrates in 1759 y
found the navigation very much impeded by the ruins of buildings
fallen into the river above Annah.
t He says that the breadth of the river varies in its course through
the ruins. On the Plan it is commonly 200 yards.