"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٥‎٣] (٤٧٤/١٣١)

OF BABYLON. 53
Cadi, wliose offic6, unlike any other of the same
kind in Turkey, has been continued in the same
family for upwards of a century. The inhabitants
of Hillah bear a very bad character. The air is sa
lubrious, and the soil extremely fertile, producing
great quantities of rice, dates, and grain of different
kinds, though it is not cultivated to above half the
degree of which it is susceptible.
The grand cause of this fertility is the Euphrates,
the banks of which are lower and the stream more
equal than the Tigris. Strabo says that it was a
stadium in breadth at Babylon; according to Ren-
nell, about 491 English feet; or D'Anville's still
more reduced scale, 330. Niebuhr says at Hillah it
is 400 Danish feet broad; my measurement by a
graduated line at the bridge there, brings it to 75
fathoms, or 450 feet; its breadth however varies in
its passage through the ruins. Its depth I found
to be 2%fathoms, and the current runs at the me
dium rate of about two knots; when lowest being pro
bably half a knot less, and when full, a knot more.
The Tigris is infinitely more rapid, having a current
of near seven knots when at its height. The Eu-
bursement, but also to pay the mulct that is invariably levied on Go
vernors when they are removed, however well they may have dis
charged their duty. And when it is considered that his continuance
in office seldom exceeds two or three years, it may well be imagined
that he has recourse to other methods of accumulating wealth, and
that the inhabitants of his district are proportionably oppressed. The
regulation of this petty government is a just epitome of the general
system which has converted some of the finest countries of the world
into savage wastes and uninhabitable deserts.