"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٤‎٣] (٤٧٤/٧٠)

INTRODUCTION.
xliii
Darius and Xerxes. The second relates to Babylon
itself. In order better to understand the application
here, we must bring some facts together.
This magnificent city, having fallen into the
power of Cyrus 538 before J. C., ceased to be the
capital of the empire of the East, and fell under a
foreign yoke; and thus was fulfilled the first object
of prophecy. As a punishment for her repeated
revolts, the outer walls were demolished in 510,
under Darius the son of Hystaspes, and thus began
that destruction which had been foretold by Isaiah*
and Jeremiah, t The carrying olf of Bel, and the
demolishing of his temple about 481 by Xerxes,
and all the outrages to which he subjected the
Chaldeans, had equally been foretold by Jeremiah.J
But the fate of Babylon was not yet decided; it still
existed, and with some sort of consideration, for the
kings of Persia spent a part of every year there.
It was Alexander who gave it the final blow in 325
before J. C.; and once dismantled, it soon fell into
decay. The two emigrations, which were occasioned
by the invasion of Demetrius and the foundation of
the city of Seleucia, during the years 310 and 311,
and the third emigration, caused by a Parthian
general in 127 before J. C., together with the plague,
which completed the depopulation of Babylon in the
year 39 after J. C., are the only events preserved to
us by the profane writers; but they establish the
* Chap, xxiii. 19. + Chap. li. 2. J Chap. li. 4-47,