"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٢‎١] (٤٧٤/٤٨)

INTRODUCTION.
xxi
himself master ;* and that he likewise forced open
the Tomb of Belus, in hopes of discovering a great
treasure.
Weak and broken as Babylon by this time had
become, these acts of violence caused a rebellion
among the people. It was easily quelled, and
Xerxes, in order to punish the inhabitants for their
revolt, and to humble the pride of the priests, who
had been the instigators of the rebellion, commanded
that the vast and magnificent Temple of Belus
should be destroyed. And Arrian, who relates this
fact, adds that all the other great buildings experienced
the same fate. " When Alexander left Arbela/' says
Arrian, " he hasted straight to Babylon, and when
he came nigh to the city he drew up his whole army
in order of battle; but the Babylonians, having
notice of his approach, threw open their gates, and
in vast multitudes, with their priests and chief men,
went out to meet him, offering him great gifts,
besides delivering the city, the tower, and the royal
treasure into his hands. Alexander entering the city
commanded the Babylonians to rebuild the temples
there which Xerxes had destroyed, and especially
the Temple of Belus, whom the Babylonians wor-
* In the supposed letter of Jeremiah to the Jews on being led cap
tives to Babylon, Baruch thus makes Jeremiah speak:—"Now ye
shall see in Babylon gods of silver, and of gold, and of wood, borne
upon shoulders, which cause the nations to fear: beware, therefore,
that ye in nowise be like to strangers, neither be ye afraid of them
when ye see the multitude before them^ and behind them, wor
shipping them."—Apocrypha, Bar uch, vi. 3, 4.