"تاريخ أئمة وأسياد عُمان بقلم سليل ابن رزيق، من ٦٦١-١٨٥٦ م، مترجم من الأصل العربي، ومُحرّر بملاحظات وملاحق ومقدمة تواصل التاريخ حتى سنة ١٨٧٠، بقلم جورج بيرسي بادجر، عضو في الجمعية الجغرافية الملكية والقس الراحل في رئاسة بومباي." [‎٣‎٩‎٢] (٦١٢/٥٥٣)

302
APPENDIX B.
Mi
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1 IV - ' ,
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formation on the subject whieh my friend, aided by well-read
native scholars, succeeded in finding after a careful search through
the writings of many of the best Arabian authors. It is taken
from page 47 of the Kitdb-el-M'dal waSn-Nlhal (Religions and
Sects) by Muhamraad-ibn-'Abdu-'l-Kerim, esh Shahristany, who
died a.h . 548= a.d . 1153. Translated into Turkish by Nuh-ibn-
Mustafa Effendi, er-Rumy, el-Misry, el-IIanafy, deceased a.h.
10 70= a.d . 1659, and printed at the Bulak press, at Cairo, a.h.
1263= a.d . 184G.
" The Ibadhiyah derive their name from 'Abdallah-ibn-Ibadh.
They state as their opinions :—' Our opponents, the Ahlu-l-
Kihlah [i. e. Muslims] are unbelievers, but not polytheists ; mar
riages with them are lawful ; and in time of war the taking of
their property as booty is lawful, but not in the absence of war.'
They also say : ' the country of our opponents, the people of
Islam, is the coimtry of cs-Snldm [peace] to us, except the place
in which are troops of their [the Muslim's] Snltan, which is then
not the abode of es-Saldm [peace] but of violence.' They admit
the evidence of their opponents [the Muslims] against their
people. They hold that the sinner of a great sin 1 may be an
attester of the Unity of God, but not a [true] believer, inasmuch
as acts enter into faith. They also affirm that power precedes
the act; that the act of a man is created of God ; that all the
world will perish as will perish the people under the obligation
of obedience [to God] ; that he who commits the great sin of
denying God's grace is an unbeliever, but that, in denying the
denomination of his sect, he is not an unbeliever. They are
silent as to the state of infidelity of the children of infidels, and
as to a hypocrite being [necessarily] a polytheist or not; also,
as to the validity of the mission of an Apostle 3 without signs
and miracles ; also, as to its being compulsory to follow what
has been revealed to him or not. They account 'Aly (may God
be gracious to him !) and most of the Companions [of Muham
mad] as in infidelity. They are divided into four sects:—
" I. El-Ilafsiyyah, derived from Abu-Hafs-bin-el-Mukdam, who
1 " Great sins, such as murder, fornication, theft, wine-drinking, repu
diation of parents, usury, perjury, violence, sodomy, bestiality, seducing
married women into adultery, falsely accusing the 'Ulam<\ [learned],
slander, forgery, and robbing orphans of their property. Some ' Ulamd
say that obstinacy in a little sin makes it a great sin, and if such great
sin partakes of the turpitude of any of the foregoing, then it is a great
sin ; if not, it is a little sin."
2 " An Apostle is a male of the human race whom God has inspired
with a law which he is to practise and to make known to mankind."