"تاريخ أئمة وأسياد عُمان بقلم سليل ابن رزيق، من ٦٦١-١٨٥٦ م، مترجم من الأصل العربي، ومُحرّر بملاحظات وملاحق ومقدمة تواصل التاريخ حتى سنة ١٨٧٠، بقلم جورج بيرسي بادجر، عضو في الجمعية الجغرافية الملكية والقس الراحل في رئاسة بومباي." [‎٣‎٧] (٦١٢/١٩٨)

the imams op 'oman.
37
took place during the government of the Sultan, 'Omar-biti-
Nebhan, en-Nebhany, a.h . 664 [ a.d . 1265]. 1
The same author adds: " I have also found another ac
count of an Amir from Hormuz, named Mahmud-bin-Ahmed,
el-Kusy, who invaded ^Oman, which was then under the joint
government of Abu-'l-Maaly-Kahlan-bin-Nebhan and his
brother ^Omar-bin-Nebhan. Mahmud came in a ship to
Kalhat 2 and summoned Abu-^l-Maaly to his presence. On his
1 We shall see presently that after the death of the Imam Abu-
Jjibir, a.h . 549, and until the appointment of Malik-bin-'Aly, a.h.
809, 'Oman was nominally governed by Maliks or Kings of the Benu-
Nebhan. It was during their rule that this invasion from Shiraz took
place. Supposing the date given, namely, a.h . 664 = a.d . 1265, to be
correct, the invaders were probably Moghuls, who at that period were
masters of the whole of Persia. As Hulaku Khan, their sovereign, died
A.n. 663, the expedition was probably dispatched by Abaka Khan, his
son and successor.
4 Kalhut, the Kalaios of the author of the PeriplUs, is a seaport on
the eastern coast of 'Oman, about twenty miles north-west of Sur. It
appears to have been the principal rendezvous for native ships plying
between the Pe r sian Gulf and India at a very early period. El-'Idrisy
mentions it in connection with Sur. Marco Polo, who calls it " Calaiati,"
says it is a " large city, situated in a gulf called also Calatu. It is 500
miles distant from Dulfar [Zhafar] towards the north-east....7i! is under
the Melich of Ormus —It has a good harbour, and many merchants come
hither from India in many ships, and sell their wares and very fine
spices, which are carried from this town by land to many cities and cas
tles. Many horses are also sent from this city to India, and much gain
is made thereby....Sometimes the Melich of this city, who has engage
ments towards the Ring of Chermain [Kerman] and is his subject, will
not obey him, because the latter occasionally imposes upon him an ex
traordinary tax, which he refuses to pay. Thereupon the King sends an
army to force him. He leaves Ormus and comes to this city of Calaiati,
which is so situated that it can prevent any ship from entering or
leaving, so that the King of Chermain losing his tribute and receiving
much damage is obliged to come to terms with the said Melich. {Ra-
inusio, vol. ii, p. 59.) As Marco Polo travelled between a.d . 1271-
1294, this extract corroborates the general tenour of the author's narra
tive, showing that some parts at least of the seacoast of 'Oman were at
that period directly tributary to the ruler at Ilormuz and indirectly to
the Moghuls who held Kerman. Ibn-Batuta visited Kalhat a.h . 729 =
a.d . 1328, and it is noteworthy, as confirming what is stated above about