"دليل الخليج. مجلد I. القسم التاريخي. الأجزاء Iأ و Iب. ج.ج. لوريمر ١٩١٥" [‎١‎٤‎٣‎٥] (١٧٨٢/١٥٩٠)

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1435
Swayed by his own partiality for the use of force, urged on also by
flatterers whose real object was to involve him in difficulties that should
lead to his recall, Namiq Pasha after some days hesitation launched an
expedition against the Khaza'il. On the 4th September 1864 a force of
3,000 regular troops and 1,000 irregulars marched from Diwaniyah ;
but Shaikh Mutlaq and his followers retired to the desert beyond the
Euphrates without shoAving fight. It was apprehended, however, that
their withdrawal would prove "the forerunner of serious and extended
disturbances."
In the course of the following six months Shaikh Mutlaq wrote 1865.
more than once to the British Political Agent, asking him to intercede
on his behalf with Namiq Pasha; but Colonel Kemball did not, appa
rently, do so. In the spring of 1865 the Pasha informed the Khaza/il
Shaikh that, if he would make submission in person and without condi
tions, he would be allowed to reside at Baghdad without molestation.
In August of the same year Shibli Pasha took action, as an interlude
in the Khaza'il campaign, against the Bahahithah, one of the 'Afaj clans,
and against the A1 Budair of the Dagharah tract. The mud forts of
these tribes on land were destroyed by the troops ; but the tribesmen
with their families, after a short conflict, withdrew to the then existing
'Afaj and Dagharah lagoons, where their assailants could not follow
them. 'Abdul Muhsin, a Shaikh of the 'Anizah with whom Shaikh Mut
laq had taken refuge, obliged the latter, at the instance of Namiq Pasha,
to quit his camp ; but the desert chief at the same time professed in
ability to restrain Shaikh Sumair, possibly not one of the Khaza'il,
but a Shammar chief, who with the help of Daghaiyin, a relative of
'Abdul Muhsin himself, had lately carried off 100 Baghdad camels from
a grazing ground close to the city.
At length in May 1866 Shaikh Mutlaq, weary of the vagrant life 1866.
of the Bedouins with whom he had thrown in his lot, and of their greed
and venality, accepted the pardon offered him and came to Baghdad to
pay homage to INamiq Pasha. It was arranged to settle him, with his
immediate dependents, upon lands lying to the east of the Tigris; and
in his former district, or rather kingdom, of Shamiyah a new system of
direct dealing between the Government and the lesser tribal Shaikhs,
which had been introduced, was maintained.
In 1865 general insecurity prevailed in Shehrizur, as the division of Depreda-
Kirkuk was then styled, owing to the depredations of the Hamawand, a punit^of th«
tribe living in the neighbourhood, and renowned for their lawlessness even Hamawand,
1865.
. iii