"دليل الخليج. مجلد I. القسم التاريخي. الأجزاء Iأ و Iب. ج.ج. لوريمر ١٩١٥" [‎١‎٣‎٧‎٤] (١٧٨٢/١٥٢٩)

1374
failed to establish a peaceful bonlor In 1842 friction between the two
limitrophe powers became so intense that war seemed imminent. Mutual
dilfieulties arose largely from the conduct of marauding chiefs and
restless tribes upon the frontier to the north of Baghdad ; but there werc
also larger questions at issue. The destruction of the disputed town of
Muhammareh by the Turks in 1837 was a principal grievance of the
Persian Government, and they demanded as compensation for the same
W" 1 ™ 1 of ^"Ut a million pounds sterling. Various pretenders to
the throne of Persia were harboured at Baghdad, of whom two received
pensions from the Turkish Government and others, who had visited
England, from the British. In Is-Wa Persian force occupied Sulai-
maniyah generally a dependency of Baghdad ; and in July „f that vear
the Shah of Persia himself, having collected 13.000 men, a number of
held guns and many camel-swivels, appeared to he meditating an attack
on Baghdad, but was persuaded * to retrace his steps from Kangovar.
A military expedition by the Persian Governor of 'Arabistan in 1841 to
l allahiyeh and Muhammareh was regarded by the Turks in much the
same light as their own action at Muhammareh in 183; had been by the
lersians The climax was reached when, in 1842, a fo«-e onjanised bv
lo Turkish authorities at Sulaimaniyah, which they had recovered, made
a surprise attack on the summer quarters of the Persian Vali of Ardilan.
e Persians, on this last occasion, were the real aggressors ; but the
fact did not transpire until later, nor did it prevent the Persian Govern-
men rom invoking, with success, the good offices of the British t and
r^ussian Ambassadors at ConstanfinnrJo t i
hntK ci.l^c F n f , Constantinople. Troops began to be massed on
' the f 01 *'" : but ^tually, on the advice of the mediating
Ambassadors and under the su F rintondence of British and Russia!
agents who proceeded to thp i, 4 i. ^ubbwn
the part of the Turks warlike f SOme rd " ctanoe on
' ' ltve preparations w^re discontinued
PerslTCte'?' agrWHl 1 ^ » ■ Toint Com ~ ^ Turkish and
^ britain
gato-and, if
tonal and other questaons in
* According to Layard his return was dup fn T?>ioo' • a ]
ing that Britain might, in case of a conflirt, M p 01 i se (h , , J 5 "" 8 '™' fe "-
Advmtureg, Volume I, page 2J8). See also Mitforf' "V" ; ' ,V ,71lr " 1 ' E Earl y'
page 360. " (rd s Land March, Yolume I,
t Despatches relating to the situation so far a « Jf h*A 4V j ,
by sir A. H. (then Mr.) Layard tor Toionel Tavlor the'Ii 1^ rf'
Baghdfid, to the British Embassy s t C n t r ' the Bnt,sl1 ^olltlCa, A ^t at
tayanT. HaHy Adwture*, Voh.m, II, page, Me"' i'" ^ ^