"دليل الخليج. مجلد I. القسم التاريخي. الأجزاء Iأ و Iب. ج.ج. لوريمر ١٩١٥" [‎١‎٣‎٠‎٧] (١٧٨٢/١٤٦٢)

1307
MUSTAFA IV, 1807-08,
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MAHMtJD II, 1808-39.*
On the deposition of Salim III, the eldest son of the late Sultan
Abdul Ham id I was raised by the Janissaries to the throne of Turkey
under the title of Mustafa IV. He ruled from the 29th May 1807 to the
28th July 1808, when he was displaced by partisans of the deposed Salim.
During the last few moments of Mustafa's authority Salim perished
y the bowstring, leaving the successful reactionaries no choice but to
substitute for Mustafa lis own brother Mahmud, who was the sole
other surviving male of the house of Othman.
At home fresh attempts were made by the new Sultan, who ruled as
Mahmud II, to shake off the power of the Janissaries; but at first his
efforts were unavailing. Abroad, during 1807 and 1808, Turkey
continued to be on an unfriendly footing with Britain ; but, after the
Treaty of T.lsit on the 7th June 1807, when the French and the Russians
eombmed and began to devise joint schemes for the dismemberment
of the Turkish Empue, the relations between Britain and the Porte
tended to improve; and on the 5th January 1809, notwithstanding
strenuous endeavours by France to prevent it, their differences were
healedj by the Treaty of the Dardanelles. War was then resumed
between Turkey and Kussia,— a war in which, as in the Perso-Knssian
war o 1826-28, Muhammadan feeling and enthusiasm at first played
a considerable part,—and hostilities continued until the Treaty' of
.Bucharest, which was signed on the 28th May 1812.
Meanwhile, between 1804 and iSll, the Turkish province of Egypt
had been brought nnder thorough control by Muhammad 'Ali Pasha the
Governor, who annihilated the turbulent Mamluks; and the Wahhabie of
Central Arabia, who had seized the sacred cities of Makkah and Madinah
and whose proceedings ever since the sack of Karbala in 1801 had been a
cause of incessant alarm upon the Syrian and Mesopotamian frontiers
were crushed by the same strong h and, their country being finally
• bome additional details of the general history of Turkev Hnrinr,
two footnoted to Chapter Eighth, see pages 1061 and 1100 The n " . lS 1 Pen0dare S iveQ in
tion in regard to local affair: in Turkish 'Iraq are the pi * T 0f informa *
regard to the first Connection of the Eon'ble East India Co ^ a ' n ™ g In f ormat ion in
1874 and Mr. J. .. Saldanha's W o/ ^ ^
m 19 05. Other authorities on particular points are cited in footnotes Ind Ric^ ^
of a Residence vn Koordistan, 1836, is oi some general value. Narrative
^ i