'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎500] (589/905)

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HISTORY OF THE CITY.
[CHAP. XX.
(holy house), by the Muhammedans. 1 By all this people it is
considered as a place of pilgrimage next in sanctity to Mekkah
and Medina. 2
Captures, and The city and the second temple, or that of Zerubbabel,
t P hecky. 8 ^ 6 of were taken by Alexander the Great; again, two hundred
years before Christ, by Pompey; and subsequently the temple
was pillaged by Crassus. Herod the Great adorned the city;
and with it the whole of Judea became a Roman province under
his grandson (Agrippa II.); the subsequent revolt of the
Jews brought about its siege and destruction by Titus, a.d.
70. 3 Adrian rebuilt the city on the site it now occupies, and
in less than three centuries the name of Jerusalem was almost
lost, that of Elia Capitolina, given by Adrian, being substi
tuted for it. In 613 it was taken by the Persians, from
whom, fourteen years later, it was recovered by the Greeks.
In 636 it capitulated to the Khaliph 'Omar, by whom, seven
years afterwards, the great mosque was erected on the site of
the temple. The Crusaders occupied the city from its capture
in 1099 till it was taken by Salah-ed-din in 1188. 4 After
wards it was subject to the Latin princes, then to the
Egyptians, and finally to the Turks. But with the exception
of a trifling tax, now understood to be abolished, and rigid
exclusion from the mosque of 'Omar, the Christians and
Hebrews have long enjoyed the privilege of flocking to the
Holy City. The former, to deplore the loss of their magni
ficent Temple ; and the latter, to witness the dust of Calvary
covered with a gaudy structure. The portal of the structure
is guarded by Turkish cavasses, and its interior is occupied
by Latin, Greek, and Armenian churches, in addition to several
small chapels placed around the Holy Sepulchre, for the use
of the Maronites, Jacobites, Coptic, Abyssinian, and Georgian
Christians.
1 Ibn Haukal, p. 37, Sir W. Ouseley's translation.
8 Compare the Bibliotheque Orientale, p. 224, with Edrisi, p. 341; torn. V.,
Recueil de Voyages, &c.
8 Josephus,De Bello Jud., lib. VI., chap, ix., s. 3, says that 1,100,000 in
dividuals perished during the whole siege; but Tacitus, Appendix, lib. IV.,
chap, vi., estimates the whole of the besieged only at 600,000.
4 Mill's History of the Crusades, vol. I., pp. 439, 440.