'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎311] (380/905)

CHAP. XIV.]
ANCIENT CITIES.
311
Magnesia, where it makes a southerly sweep of about 45
miles, and finally enters the Gulf of Smyrna, bearing the
names of the Kodus and Ghiediz-chai. The next stream
southward is the lesser Mseander, which is formed by the
junction of two branches ; the shorter coming by a southerly
course from Kiziljah Musa Tagh, and the longer flowing west
ward from the Messogis range, near Tireh, or Caystrus.
The trunk thus formed, bearing the name of the Kuchuk
Mendereh, flows south-westward into the Gulf of Scala Nova,
and by its position it evidently represents the second Mseander,
as well as the Caystrus. 1
On the coast of Ionia may still be traced the sites of Ancient sites
Pygela, Neapolis, Marathesiume, Teos, with the temple of inIonia '
Bacchus, Corycus, Phcenicus, Erythrse, and Phanu. 2 In
the interior of Lydia also were many places of note, such as
Larissa, Bagse, Tabala, Mseonia (Megne), Magne-ad-Sipylum,
Apollonis, Attaleia (Adala), Carissa, Angame, Nicsea, Cay
strus, Tripolis, Tralles, Nyssar, Magnesia, and the extensive
remains of Saittse at Sidas Kal'eh. 3 At Yeni Bazar are the
ruins of a theatre, a stadium, and those of the celebrated
temple of Diana Leucophryne, which was scarcely exceeded
by that of Ephesus. 4 But the original Asia was still more
remarkable, in consequence of possessing five of the seven
churches of the Apocalypse. 5 Those within its limits are
Thyatira, Philadelphia, Ephesus, Sardis the ancient, and,
lastly, Smyrna, the commercial capital and great emporium
of Lower Asia. The first of these sites, once the Hyda, or
Hyde of Homer 6 and of the Maeonians, 7 occupies a beautiful
situation on the banks of the Pactolus, where the remains
of a theatre, a stadium, a palace, the vast Ionic temple of
1 Col. Leake's Map of Asia Minor.
8 Leake's Asia Minor, p. 261, &c.
3 Mr. W. J. Hamilton : Vol. VIII. Part II., p. 142, of the Royal
Geographical Journal.
* Leake's Asia Minor, p. 242 and following.
5 Their sites have lately been described,—Visit to the Seven Churches, by
the Rev. F. V. J. Arundell.
s Iliad, lib. XX., y. 385.
? Pliny, lib. V., c. xxix.