'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎288] (355/905)

288
ARMENIUS AND OLYMPUS.
[CHAP. XIII.
The Paphia- represents the Paphlagonian Olympus, continues, as before,
Olympus. i n a westerly direction to Za'faran Boli, beyond whicli place,
after sending the I'ch-il-ler Taghi and Kara Kaya groups to the
N.N. W., it makes, under the name of Durnali Yaila-si, (Mount
Armenius,) a sweep south-westward; and showing the groups
of Beinder Tagh previously to its joining the AM Tagh. The
latter is the commencement of the Bithynian Olympus, which,
like that of Paphlagonia, is chiefly of limestone, and covered
with timber; its successive groups carry the line westward
along the borders of Bithynia to the banks of the Sakariyah
or Sangarius, and from thence, under the name of the Kudje
Tagh or Demir ji range, into Mysia. This great arm is, as
will be presently seen, connected on one side by the Murad
Tagh with the Southern Taurus, whilst on the other it sends
out the celebrated branch of Ida, and other offsets, towards the
shores of the Propontis; the highest and most remarkable
being that which takes a north-west direction, along the
southern side of the Bithynian capital. Splendid oriental
planes shade the houses and walks at the foot of Mount Olym
pus, and the sides of the latter present groves of large chest
nut and walnut trees, which, in ascending the mountain, are
succeeded by the oak, fir, spruce, and near its bare crest, the
juniper; this crest, at an elevation of nearly 5000 feet, over
looks the city of Brusa and the rich mulberry plantations of
the surrounding plain. The northern side of the plain is shut
in by spurs and offset branches from the main chain, whose
sides, clothed with myrtle, broom, heath, the Valonia oak, 1
and a profusion of arbutus, are reflected from numerous fresh
lakes, and the picturesque inlets of the Sea of Marmora.
interior chains.
Reverting to the chains which intersect the interior. From
the north-eastern extremity of the territory, double lines of
groups take a diagonal direction, and, as they advance, partly
inclose the head valleys of the Frat, the Lycus, the Halys,
and the Melas. The more northern of the two branches forms
an acute angle with the Pontic chain as it diverges from it in
a south-westerty direction, passing along the Sheitan Dereh-si
(Devil s Valley) and the plain of Lorl to the town of Gemeri,
1 Quercus Aegilops.