'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎219] (282/905)

chap. x.]
Azerbaijan,
219
of Persia, which has become known as the seat of the govern
ment confided to the late prince royal, as well as from having
been the scene of the operations against Abbas Mirza at the
close of the Russian war.
This province extends from the Kizil U'zen, or borders of Extent of
Irak, 1 185 miles northward, to the Russian territory on the Azerbai j an -
Aras ; 2 and from the borders of Kurdistan, 3 210 miles, to
the Masula mountains ; 4 it, therefore, has a surface of about
25,285 square miles.
In addition to the Kendilan or Kurdistan mountains at Mountains,
the western border, and those of Masula on the eastern, it is
intersected by the Sehend, Kibleh, Kafilan Koh, 5 Sevilan, 6
and their inferior ramifications, which are separated from
each other by deep and often rugged ravines, but occasionally
opening into extensive valley plains, or table-lands, such as
those which run into the country from 'Irak.
Although the scarcity of timber and verdure give it an
arid appearance, Azerbaijan is one of the finest provinces of
Persia; and, wherever the soil has been turned to account
by irrigation, it is very productive. Among these cultivated
portions may be mentioned the tracts round lake Urumiyah,
the plains of Morand on the north of Tabriz, those of Khoi
to the N.W,, Ardebil on the east, Lylan, Miana, and others,
towards the south; all of which produce madder, with nearly
every kind of grain and fruit in abundance.
The principal rivers are the Araxes, on the border, with and rivers,
its affluent, the Kara su, the Jaghatu, the Sosar-chai, the Aji,
and the Salyan, which fall into the salt lake of Urumiyah;
and the Kizil U'zen, with its numerous tributaries, which
intersect and water the central parts of the district; this
last river is afterwards known by the name of the Sefid-rud
(the Amardus). 7
The principal towns are Ardebil, Abbas-abad, Mehrand,
Siral, and Khoi; the latter is a fortified place, containing
1 In about 36° 10' N. latitude. 2 In 38° 55' N. latitude.
3 In 44° 20' E. longitude. ' In 48° 20' E. longitude.
5 Or Kapldn K6h (Panther Mount). 6 Rising to 12,000 feet.
' Major Rawlinson.—Vol. X. Part L, p. 64, of the Royal Geographical
Journal. 2 f 2