'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎207] (266/905)

CHAP. IX.]
PARS, LIMITS, ETC.
207
Touching the eastern side of Khuzistan is Pars, 1 Fars, or
Farsistan, from whicli the modern name of Persia has been
derived. 2 Although considered the second, it is, in reality,
the most important province, being favoured by nature, well
cultivated, and containing more places of historical interest Extent of Pars,
than all the rest of the Shah's dominions. It lies between
27° 20' and 31° 42' N. latitude, and between 49° 20' and
54° 20' E. longitude, and has the shape of a quadrilateral
figure, each side of which is nearly 220 miles long. It has
Kirman and Laristan on the east, the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. on the
south, Khuzistan on the west, and 'Irak Ajemi on the north;
with a superficies of about 44,335 geographical miles square,
or nearly one-third of France. 3
At its south-eastern extremity a high chain of mountains,
forming the continuation of the Jebel-abad range, runs
W. S.W. between this and the adjoining territory of Laris
tan ; and, nearly at a right angle with this, there is another
great chain, which bisects Fars nearly in the centre; its Mountains,
direction being from N.E. to S.W. 4 Through this portion
of the Persian Apennines 5 there are several routes converging
on the ancient capital; such as the passes of Jarun and
Ferashbund towards the east; those of Gouri-Sefid, Tenk-i-
Kumarij, and Deh Dasht (probably the Pylse Persicse),
which lead from Susiana towards the west; and, finally, the
remarkable route from Abu-Shehr to Shiraz.
Throughout a distance of almost 80 miles, 6 the chain
separating the plain of the sea-coast from the upland of
Shiraz, presents a succession of those singular defiles and
1 From the Hebrew Paraschim, and the Scythian Chorsari (horsemen).
8 Ouseiey's Epitome of the Ancient History of Persia, from the Jihdn Ara.
London, 1799.—Preface, p. 2.
3 Chardin says, equal to this kingdom; therefore it is probable that he
included some of the territory northward and eastward of Fsirs within its
limits. .
4 See p. 13- 8 Ainswurth's Assyria, &c., p. 224.
6 Ascending from Dalaki to the kdrvdnserdi of Khaist 15, to the village
of Kumdrij 11, to Kdseriin 21, to the village of DAsh 'Arjun 18, and
descending from thence towards the KMn-i-Zemind 14 miles; in all 19.
Ainsworth's Assyria, p. 236. But in my case this distance consumed
upwards of 32 hours, though mounted on an Arab horse in good condition.