'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎151] (206/905)

CHAP. VII.] SHAMSHADIL AND KAZAKH.
151
tainous districts and the powerful heat of the plains. The and produc-
mountains contain alum, iron, and some gold; also forests,
in which a particular sort of poplar grows to an immense size.
Domestic animals are numerous. 1 Madder, tobacco, cotton,
linen, grain, &c., are cultivated, and garlic and asparagus
grow wild. Elizabethpol contains the magals of Ghor,
Chamkhor, Kiouvakbassan, Ghanjibassane, Samoukh, and
Ai'roum, in which there are 78 villages, or camps; and it
has a population of 11,330 Tartars, 2997 Armenians, and
531 Wurtemburgers. The only town, Elizabethpol, for
merly Gandjah, consists of three parts, one of which is
fortified by a bastioned wall, which was constructed by the
Turks. There are four Armenian churches, and one belong
ing to the Georgian Greeks, 11 mosques, several karvanserai's,
about 2000 houses, and 1300 fruit-gardens, or vineyards;
and its population consists of 4230 Tartars, and 4028 Ar
menians. The chief occupations of the inhabitants of this
district (now incorporated with Georgia) are horticulture,
the care of silk-worms, bees, and cattle, besides farming and
mining. On the mountains are some monuments of early Column of
i-., .-i /. j / i • Shamkura.
Christianity ; and, at 3J miles from Gandjah, are the remains
of some former city; again, at 12 miles towards the Kur,
are other ruins scattered around the column of Shamkura.
In the shaft of the latter is a spiral staircase leading to the
top ; including the pedestal, the column has a height of 196
feet, and is visible at the distance of 15 miles. 2 Over the
river Kotchkar there is a single-arched stone bridge, which
has already stood 1000 years. 3
The circle of Shamshadil lies westward of Gandjah, and Extent^o^
that of Kazakh between it and Bambak; these districts have and Kazakh,
the Kur for their northern, and the district of Erivan for
their southern limits. The former circle contains about 1247
square miles of surface, with a population of 19,599 souls;
and the latter 1056 square miles, with 31,718 souls. 5
1 Aperqu, &c., Tome II., pp. 328 to 344.
2 Ibid., pp. 379 to 392. 3 Ibid -
4 3944 Armenians, and the rest Tartars.—Ibid., pp. 251 to 257.
5 8633 Armenians, and the rest Tartars.—Ibid., pp. 214 to 235.